Effects of pollination limitation and seed predation on female reproductive success of a deceptive orchid

Walsh, Ryan P.; Arnold, Paige M.; Michaels, Helen J.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu031

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Although increased plant height can enhance reproductive success ( e.g . taller genets had higher fruit set in C. candidum in Ohio; Walsh et al ; C. acaule in some Nova Scotian populations; O’Connell & Johnston ), this was not the case in our study, and may reflect a greater influence of other traits on reproductive success.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…In addition, corolla polymorphisms may enhance visit rates to rewardless species, with rare phenotypes making it more difficult for pollinators to recognise non‐rewarding flowers (Ackerman & Galarza‐Pérez ; Ferdy et al ; Ackerman et al ). In both rewarding and rewardless species, taller plants may be more conspicuous and receive more visits (O’Connell & Johnston ; Chittka & Raine ; Walsh et al ; Sletvold et al ). Similarly, large floral displays may attract more visitors to a plant, although they do not necessarily increase the reproductive success of individual flowers (Ohashi & Yahara ; Harder & Johnson ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollination and fruit set in two rewardless slipper orchids and their hybrids (Cypripedium, Orchidaceae): large yellow flowers outperform small white flowers in the northern tall grass prairie

2019

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Species with rewardless flowers often have low fruit to flower ratios, although wide temporal and spatial variation in fruiting success can occur. We compared floral phenotypes, insect visitors and fruiting success in four populations of the small white (Cypripedium candidum) and yellow (C. parviflorum) lady's slipper orchids and their hybrids near the northern extent of North America's tall grass prairie.• Flower and fruit numbers were observed for two seasons on marked individuals (n = 1811). Floral traits were measured on 82-140 individuals per taxon and analysed in relation to fruiting success. All insects found inside flowers were collected, inspected for pollen smears and measured for comparison to floral features.• Among orchid taxa, C. candidum had the smallest flowers, lowest number and variety of insect visitors, and lowest fruit to flower ratios. These measures were intermediate in hybrids and highest in C. parviflorum, despite low flower numbers in the latter. Within orchid taxa, fruit number was positively related to flower number, but fruit to flower ratios decreased slightly, as would be expected if pollinators left unrewarding patches. Potential pollinators included the dipteran Odontomyia pubescens and hymenopterans Andrena spp., Apis mellifera and Lasioglossum zonulum.• Cypripedium parviflorum had a reproductive advantage over C. candidum across multiple populations and years. Hybrids showed segregation for floral traits, and hybrid fruiting success increased with a deeper intensity of yellow pigment and larger escape routes for floral visitors. These same attributes likely contributed to the relatively high fruit set in C. parviflorum in the study region.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination and fruit set in two rewardless slipper orchids and their hybrids (Cypripedium, Orchidaceae): large yellow flowers outperform small white flowers in the northern tall grass prairie

2019

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“…Pollinator attraction and thus reproductive success in plants generally increase with greater floral display size (Grindeland et al 2005 ), but for strongly pollinatorlimited deceptive orchids, there is some evidence that inflorescence height is a target of pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection (e.g. Sletvold and Ågren 2011 ;Walsh et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant community attributes affect dry grassland orchid establishment

et al. 2016

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Several factors have been taken into account to explain the distribution of orchid species. We explored the extent to which plant community attributes affect the abundance and reproductive fitness of three orchid species (Anacamptis morio, Himantoglossum adriaticum and Ophrys sphegodes), native to dry grasslands. Structural attributes of plant community (e.g. cover and height) were assessed in ninety 4 m2 plots scattered on three hill massifs of the Veneto Region (NE Italy). For the three target orchid species, the height of the flowering stalk, the relative ramet height and the number of flowers and fruits were recorded in 203 tagged ramets. Generalized Linear Model revealed that plant community attributes such as cover and height of the herb layer exert a negative effect on the abundance of orchid populations. Furthermore, regression models indicated that O. sphegodes and H. adriaticum reproductive fitness, determined as fruit/flower ratio, was positively affected by relative ramet height. Our results revealed that local herbaceous vegetation structure influences the cover and fruit set of target orchid species. However, there can be substantial variation in the response of different species and variation in the structural attributes of surrounding vegetation may be associated with differences in the strength of selection. In order to achieve effective results in orchid species conservation, protocols for the in situ conservation must detail the range of vegetation covers and heights at which orchid species are favoured and can produce the most effective inflorescences

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“…Similar to pollinators, there is evidence that florivores and seed predators are often attracted to larger floral displays, which provide greater resources in the larger ovules (Brody and Mitchell 1997;Adler and Bronstein 2004; but also see Walsh et al 2014). Consequently, florivores and seed predators can cause counter-selection for fewer flowers in opposition to the selection for more flowers to increase pollinator visits (Sletvold and Grindeland 2008;Ågren et al 2008).…”

Section: Effect Of Inflorescence Size On Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination system and the effect of inflorescence size on fruit set in the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata

et al. 2015

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Larger inflorescences in reward-producing plants can benefit plants by increasing both pollinator attraction and the duration of visits by individual pollinators. However, ultimately, inflorescence size is determined by the balance between the benefits of large inflorescences and the increased cost of geitonogamy. At present, little is known about the relationship between inflorescence size and fecundity in deceptive plants. Given that pollinators are likely to leave inflorescences lacking rewards quickly, it seems unlikely that longer pollinator visits and the risk of geitonogamy would be strong selective pressures in these species, which indicates that pollinator attraction might be the most important factor influencing their inflorescence size. Here we examined the pollination ecology of the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata in order to clarify the effects of inflorescence size on the fruit set of this non-rewarding species. Field observations of the floral visitors showed that C. falcata is pollinated by the andrenid bee Andrena aburana, whilst pollination experiments demonstrated that this orchid species is neither autogamous nor apogamous, but is strongly pollinator dependent. Three consecutive years of field observations revealed that fruit set was positively correlated with the number of flowers per inflorescence. These results provide strong evidence that the nectarless orchid C. falcata benefits from producing larger inflorescences that attract a greater number of innate pollinators. Large inflorescences may have a greater positive effect on fruit set in deceptive plants because a growing number of studies suggest that fruit set in reward-producing plants is usually unaffected by display size.

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Effects of pollination limitation and seed predation on female reproductive success of a deceptive orchid

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Pollination and fruit set in two rewardless slipper orchids and their hybrids (Cypripedium, Orchidaceae): large yellow flowers outperform small white flowers in the northern tall grass prairie

Pollination and fruit set in two rewardless slipper orchids and their hybrids (Cypripedium, Orchidaceae): large yellow flowers outperform small white flowers in the northern tall grass prairie

Plant community attributes affect dry grassland orchid establishment

Pollination system and the effect of inflorescence size on fruit set in the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata

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