Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms

Harmon, S. Michele; Wiley, Faith E.

doi:10.2175/106143011x13075599870135

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The solubility and mobility of certain toxic metals, especially aluminum and cadmium, increases with increasing acidity in freshwater systems (Tyler et al 1987;Nelson and Campbell 1991;Wällstedt and Borg 2003). Acidification of freshwater systems is known to increase the concentrations of aluminum in invertebrate organisms (Lien et al 1996;Walton et al 2010;Harmon and Wiley 2011). Water acidification may also increase mercury bioavailability (Stein et al 1996;Winfrey and Rudd 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of White-throated Dippers to heavy metals in acidified and non-acidified streams in Norway

2020

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We examined the exposure of White-throated Dippers (Cinclus cinclus) to aluminum and mercury in acidified and nonacidified streams in two regions of Norway. Both metals showed significantly higher concentrations in the body tissues of dippers in acidified streams at southern sites compared to non-acidified streams in central Norway. Elevated concentrations of aluminum in acidified areas could not be explained by a corresponding elevated level of aluminum in the invertebrate foods of dippers. During our study period in 1993-1995, deposition rates of mercury by long-range air pollution were higher in southern than central Norway. High levels of mercury in dippers could have been due to higher levels of atmospheric deposition or higher water acidity in southern Norway. We found a high correlation between mercury levels in body tissues of females and their eggs, but not for aluminum. Thus, eggs are suitable for monitoring mercury levels but not for aluminum in female dippers. Our data provide baseline estimates of exposure to heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems in Norway that will be useful for monitoring future trends. Zusammenfassung Belastung von Wasseramseln durch Schwermetalle in versauerten und nicht versauerten Fließgewässern in NorwegenWir untersuchten die Belastung von Wasseramseln (Cinclus cinclus) durch Aluminium und Quecksilber in versauerten und nicht versauerten Fließgewässern in zwei Regionen Norwegens. Beide Metalle zeigten signifikant höhere Konzentrationen im Körpergewebe von Wasseramseln an den versauerten Fließgewässern im Süden, verglichen mit den nicht versauerten Fließgewässern in Mittelnorwegen. Erhöhte Aluminiumkonzentrationen in versauerten Gegenden ließen sich nicht durch korrespondierende erhöhte Aluminiumwerte in der Wirbellosennahrung der Wasseramseln erklären. Während des Untersuchungszeitraums von 1993-1995 lagen die Ablagerungsraten von Quecksilber durch weiträumige Luftverschmutzung im Süden höher als in Mittelnorwegen. Die hohen Quecksilberwerte bei den Wasseramseln könnten durch stärkere atmosphärische Ablagerungen oder einen höheren Säuregehalt des Wassers in Südnorwegen verursacht worden sein. Es zeigte sich eine starke Korrelation zwischen dem Quecksilbergehalt im Körpergewebe der Weibchen und dem der Eier, beim Aluminiumgehalt allerdings nicht. Eier eignen sich somit zur Dokumentation der Quecksilberbelastung, nicht jedoch der Aluminiumbelastung von Wasseramselweibchen. Unsere Daten liefern eine Basisschätzung der Schwermetallbelastung norwegischer Süßwasserökosysteme, welche bei der Beobachtung zukünftiger Entwicklungen von Nutzen sein werden. Communicated by F. Bairlein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of White-throated Dippers to heavy metals in acidified and non-acidified streams in Norway

2020

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“…Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. However, several studies have shown that it affects numerous nontarget organisms (Harmon and Wiley 2011;Pérez et al 2011;Rico-Martínez et al 2012). Although glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide, in recent years, many weeds have developed resistance to it, so the use of mixtures containing glyphosate and other specific herbicides is usually recommended (Diggle et al 2003;Stewart et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in Zooplankton Behavior Caused by a Mixture of Pesticides

Andrade¹,

Gutiérrez

Fantón³

et al. 2018

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Behavioral changes have been considered as appropriate to evaluate sublethal effects of pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of pesticides, with glyphosate and 2,4-D (Gly + 2,4-D) as active ingredients, on the zooplankton evasion behavior from the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. An increase in the evasion behavior was observed for copepods at two different concentrations of the Gly + 2,4-D mixture, for cladocerans at the lowest pesticide concentration, and for rotifers at the highest pesticide concentration. The response time to the fish signals also differed, being copepods faster than cladocerans and rotifers. All the exposed organisms showed higher variability in their distribution over time than those of controls (without pesticides). Our results suggest that the Gly + 2,4-D mixture formulations may have a mimetic effect with the fish alarm signals. The potential consequences of maladaptive responses triggered by pesticides, as well as the increased swimming activity, are discussed.

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