Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on antioxidant system activities and proline content in Kandelia candel

Abstract

The antioxidant system effects of Kandelia candel were investigated under four different levels of PAH stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), the responses to the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the accumulation of proline in K. candel were determined. Our results suggested that the activities of SOD, CAT, POD increased significantly in leaves and roots of K. candel (p≤0.05) with the increase of the external PAH concentrations, while in stems, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes were all significantly * Corresponding author: yswang@scsio.ac.cn; Tel/Fax: 8620-89023102(O) inhibited (p≤0.01). We also observed an increase of MDA in leaves, stems and roots, and an obvious correlation between MDA content and PAH concentrations in three locations, which showed that the change of MDA content could be used as a biomarker of K. candel under PAH stress. The proline content was found remarkably enhanced in leaves, stems and roots. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the proline content and SOD (r=-0.99, p≤0.01), POD (r=-0.95, p≤0.05) activities in stems. This study suggested that the antioxidative system of K. candel has an obvious organ-dependent feature when exposed to PAH contamination as revealed by discriminant analysis (DA).

Evaluation of Sewage Sludge Effects on Soil Properties, Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrition State, and Heavy Metal Distribution in European Larch Seedlings (Larix decidua)

“…Thus, the increase in SOD activity could be attributed to the presence of other contaminants in sludge including organic pollutants such as herbicide residues and synthetic oestrogens [40].…”

Uptake and phytotoxicity of anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene applied to the leaves of celery plants (Apium graveolens var. secalinum L.)

“…cytochrome P-450). Changes in the activity of monooxygenases and enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of phenolic compounds (polyphenol oxidase -PPO), regulate glutathione levels (glutathione s-transferase) and participate in the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often described in studies of phytotoxicity (Hatzios, 1996;Dat et al, 2000;Aksmann and Tukaj, 2004;Song et al, 2011). In model-based experiments, foliar application of PHE significantly increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in many vegetables (G.J.…”

“…In a pot experiment conducted by Song et al (2011), PAHs induced enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses to stress in plant parts that were not directly exposed to those compounds.…”

Differential gene expression analysis of benzo(a)pyrene toxicity in the clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

“…Zhang et al (2011a) The high dose of BaP induced the disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation based on the metabolic biomarkers in clam Ruditapes philippinarum gills after 24 h of exposure. However, most of the studies in bivalves concentrated on the effects of PAHs on enzyme activities (Pan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2011aWang et al, , 2011bSong et al, 2011). There is still a lack of more studies on the toxic effect of PAHs at the molecular level which would provide necessary information for the aquatic environment and species protection.…”

“…Studies on the toxicity of PAHs are focused on several fields such as genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, carcinogenesis and others (Barhoumi et al, 2011;Harris et al, 2009;Jacques et al, 2010;Wang and Jin, 2010), the toxicity effects of PAHs have been detected from a wide range of organisms (Song et al, 2011;Yin et al, 2011;Pan et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2011b;Tuvikene, 1995;Zhang et al, 2009;Kannan and Perrotta, 2008). It is reported that PAHs can cause harmful effects on the skin, body fluids, and the human ability to fight disease after both short-and long-term exposure (U.S. Department of health and human services, 1995).…”