Effects of Polyphenols and Glucosinolates in Broccoli Extract on Human Gut Microorganisms Based on Simulation In Vitro

Abstract

Broccoli extract mainly contains polyphenols and glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs can be hydrolyzed by gut microorganisms into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and other active substances. These substances have anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and atherosclerosis-reducing functions. In this study, a high concentration (2000 μmol/L GSLs and 24 μmol/L polyphenols) and a low concentration (83 μmol/L GSLs and 1 μmol/L polyphenols) of broccoli extract were prepared. Gut microorganisms from fresh human feces were cultured to simulate the gut environment in vitro. The GSL content decreased and the types and content of ITCs increased with broccoli extract hydrolysis through cyclic condensation and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Broccoli extract significantly increased probiotics and inhibited harmful bacteria through 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on phylum level analysis, Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae increased significantly (P < 0.05). At the genus level, both high-and low-concentration groups significantly inhibited Escherichia and increased Bilophila and Alistipes (P < 0.05). The high-concentration group significantly increased Bif idobacterium (P < 0.05). The broccoli extract improved the richness of gut microorganisms and regulated their structure. The GSL hydrolysis was significantly correlated with Bilophila, Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, Bif idobacterium, Escherichia, and Streptococcus (P < 0.05). These study findings provide a theoretical foundation for further exploring a probiotic mechanism of broccoli extract in the intestine.

The gut metabolome in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women from Antioquia-Colombia

“…For the HILIC column, 11 chemical families were annotated ( Figure 6 ) and the relative abundances of all of them are shown in ( Figure 7B ). The HILIC column, as a method able to detect polar compounds, allowed us to identify the following chemical families: betaine, phytonutrients as lignans and neolignans from plants, gIycoside and lipids derivatives from plant food sources, plant polyphenols, raffinose trisaccharides, glucosinolates and lipopolysaccharides which are proven prebiotic compounds ( Zhang et al, 2022 ), glutamic acid derivatives, benzene derivatives, sphingolipids.…”

Exploring Phenolic Compounds in Crop By-Products for Cosmetic Efficacy

“…The use of these solvents mixed makes them suitable for enhancing extraction yields [ 68 ]. Therefore, although this Soxhlet technique has been widely used for phenolics extraction, such as in broccoli plants [ 69 , 70 ], citrus [ 71 ], grape [ 72 ] and artichoke [ 73 ], the choice of right solvent for specific phenolic compounds should be determined since there is no universally best solvent mix.…”