Effects of porosity distribution variation on the liquid water flux through gas diffusion layers of PEM fuel cells

Zhan, Zhigang; Xiao, Jinsheng; Li, Dayong; Pan, Mu; Run-zhang, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.060

Cited by 132 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Beyond the duty of water management, MPL incorporation may have the extra benefit of reducing contact resistance between the GDL and CL, increasing the usable active area of the CL, promoting efficient gas redistribution, and protecting the CL from pinhole formation caused by piercings from the GDL fibers. Amazingly, MPLs have improved PEFC performance consistently in experiments, [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191] with initial empirical optimizations demonstrating increased peak power for composite GDL/MPLs that balance the strengths of high gas permeability and high hydrophobicity. 182 MPL traits that lead to better performance include higher hydrophobicity, General models that compare strictly the difference in PEFC performance between having a MPL and not show that addition of a MPL leads to more uniform membrane hydration and gas and current distribution over the entirety of the PEFC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Weber

Balliet

Gunterman

et al. 2008

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

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mentioning

confidence: 85%

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Weber

Balliet

Gunterman

et al. 2008

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

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“…Reactant transport can be enhanced when the GDL porosity is in the region of around 0.3-0.6 [107,108], and the removal of liquid water to the gas channel can be enhanced with a linearly graded porosity [107]. The use of thinner GDLs can also improve performance by allowing for greater liquid water mass transfer under steady-state conditions [107,109] and greater reactant mass transfer towards the catalyst layer [108]. The permeability of a GDL can vary according to the carbon type [90]; woven and non-woven GDLs have exhibited slightly higher permeabilities than carbon fibre paper GDLs with similar solid volume fractions [110].…”

Section: Effects Of Compaction On Gdlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of performance degradation and failure modes for hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Rama

Chen

Andrews

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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DOI: 10.1243/09576509JPE603Abstract: A qualitative account of the causes and effects of performance degradation and failure in hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is given in the present review. The purpose of the review is to establish a backbone understanding of the phenomenological processes that occur within the PEFC, how they interact, how they are influenced through elements of design, manufacturing and operation, and ultimately how they result in performance degradation and cell failure. In the current work, 22 common faults are identified which are induced by 48 frequent causes. The major PEFC components considered here that are susceptible to faults are the polymer electrolyte-based membrane, the anode and cathode catalyst layers, gas diffusion and microporous layers, seals and the bipolar plate. Faults pertaining to these components can cause irreversible increases in activation, mass transportation, ohmic and fuel efficiency losses, or indeed cause catastrophic cell failure.

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“…At a cell voltage of 0.4V, the current density was almost doubled. On the contrary, to get rid of the liquid water under high humidity conditions, MPL's porosity need to be increased and its thickness reduced [100].…”

Section: Water Distribution and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulations presented in [100] showed that by increasing the MPL porosity from 0.2 to 0.5, the liquid water flux through the GDL can increase by around 9 times (e.g. at a porosity of 0.5, the flux was 4.505×10 −3 kg s −1 m −2 ).…”

Section: Water Distribution and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

137

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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Effects of porosity distribution variation on the liquid water flux through gas diffusion layers of PEM fuel cells

Cited by 132 publications

References 20 publications

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Modeling Water Management in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A review of performance degradation and failure modes for hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

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