Effects of poverty and quality of the home environment on changes in the academic and behavioral adjustment of elementary school-age children

Dubow, Eric F.; Ippolito, Maria F.

doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2304_6

Cited by 121 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such a decline was observed previously for infants raised in low-income families and communities, independent of chemical exposures, 37,55,56 in part because toddlers from low-income homes have less access to developmentally stimulating environments and may be delayed in acquiring language and problem-solving skills. [57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Although children with low HOME scores did have significantly lower BSID-II scores in this study, there was no indication that the chlorpyrifos effects were either exacerbated or remediated by the quality of the home environment. The finding that a large proportion of children scored in the delayed range on the MDI, although consistent with other reports for similar populations, 64,65 is worrisome, especially because the MDI is often given more importance than the PDI.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE-The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos on 3-year neurodevelopment and behavior in a sample of inner-city minority children.METHODS-As part of an ongoing prospective cohort study in an inner-city minority population, neurotoxicant effects of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos were evaluated in 254 children through the first 3 years of life. This report examined cognitive and motor development at 12, 24, and 36 months (measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and child behavior at 36 months (measured with the Child Behavior Checklist) as a function of chlorpyrifos levels in umbilical cord plasma.RESULTS-Highly exposed children (chlorpyrifos levels of >6.17 pg/g plasma) scored, on average, 6.5 points lower on the Bayley Psychomotor Development Index and 3.3 points lower on the Bayley Mental Development Index at 3 years of age compared with those with lower levels of exposure. Children exposed to higher, compared with lower, chlorpyrifos levels were also significantly more likely to experience Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index delays, attention problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems, and pervasive developmental disorder problems at 3 years of age. CONCLUSIONS-The adjusted mean 36-month Psychomotor Development Index and MentalDevelopment Index scores of the highly and lower exposed groups differed by only 7.1 and 3.0 points, respectively, but the proportion of delayed children in the high-exposure group, compared with the low-exposure group, was 5 times greater for the Psychomotor Development Index and 2.4 times greater for the Mental Development Index, increasing the number of children possibly needing early intervention services. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 06. As a result of heavy indoor use, largely for cockroach control, pesticide exposure is widespread among pregnant women living in New York City. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Specifically, 72% to 85% of women participating in 2 different cohort studies reported using some form of pest control during pregnancy, 3,7-9 and 46% reported using ≥1 of the higher-toxicity methods, such as exterminator sprays, can sprays, and pest bombs. 3 A survey of pest control measures conducted in 2000 and 2001 by the office of the New York State Attorney General found that 93% of New York City public housing residents applied pesticides at home and more than one half did so approximately once per week. 6 In a previous report from the present cohort, detectable levels of chlorpyrifos were found in 99.7% of personal air samples and 100% of indoor air samples from stationary residential monitors for a sample of pregnant women. 8 Chlorpyrifos was also detected in 64% to 70% of blood samples collected from mothers and newborns at delivery. Maternal levels and newborn levels were correlated strongly, which indicates that this pesticide crosses the placenta readily. 3 Since the ban, levels of chlorpyr...

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To explore the issue of communication valence further, the subscores of expression of positive and negative affect were examined separately for their unique variance. In most equations, both scores contributed about equally to the outcomes of teacher ratings of behavior and math achievement, indicating no differential effect The effects of the quality of the home environment are in accord with those of others (Dubow & Ippolito, 1994;Duncan et al, 1994;Elardo & Bradley, 1981), indicating that both the nature of the physical environment as well as the provision of materials, books, and space for child activity play a significant role in the child's well-being and have effects that cannot be accounted for by social class alone.The exploratory analyses to examine gender as a possible moderator of the relations between risk factors and outcomes suggest that neighborhood context may influence the functioning of boys and girls differently. It appears that for both parent and teacher ratings of externalizing difficulties, gender significantly moderates the impact, with neighborhood effects being strongly significant for boys and absent for girls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

Predicting developmental outcomes at school entry using a multiple-risk model: Four American communities.

Greenberg

Lengua²,

Coie³

et al. 1999

Developmental Psychology

214

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The contributions of different risk factors in predicting children's psychological and academic outcomes at the end of 1st grade were examined. Using a regression model, levels of ecobehavioral risk were assessed in the following order: specific demographics, broad demographics, family psychosocial status, mother's depressive symptoms, and neighborhood quality. Participants were 337 families from 4 American communities. Predictor variables were assessed in kindergarten, and teacher, parent, and child outcomes (behavioral and academic) were assessed at the end of 1st grade. Results indicated that (a) each level of analysis contributed to prediction of most outcomes, (b) 18%-29% of the variance was predicted in outcomes, (c) a common set of predictors predicted numerous outcomes, (d) ethnicity showed little unique prediction, and (e) the quality of the neighborhood showed small but unique prediction to externalizing problems.From an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), early childhood development occurs within the multiple contexts of the home, the school, and the neighborhood, and aspects of these environments can contribute to the development of adjustment problems. Thus, the study of adjustment must be embedded in analyses of the contextual risks to which children are exposed (Sameroff & Seifer, 1990). Risk factors such as low socioeconomic status (SES); single-parent family status; ethnic minority status; family history of psychological, substance use, and legal problems; marital discord; and lack of social support have all been shown to be related to an increased likelihood of psychological problems in children (Liaw & Brooks-Gunn, 1994;Sameroff, Seifer, Barocas, Zax, & Greenspan, 1987; Yoshikawa, 1994).Not all children raised in such contexts develop adjustment problems, however (Cowen et al., 1992), and no one factor alone accounts for children's adjustment problems (Sameroff & Seifer, 1990). Studies of multiple risk factors indicate that an increase in the number of risk factors experienced by a child results in an increased likelihood of that child developing adjustment NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript problems (Rutter, 1979). Therefore, in predicting children's psychological adjustment, it is important to consider the effects of multiple risk factors within a theoretical model. Indeed, all risk factors do not have equivalent meaning, and they may represent varying levels of conceptualization. In the present study, the combined effects of demographic, family psychosocial, and neighborhood risk factors on children's development were examined in families from four American communities. The present study involved a test of the hierarchical and unique contributions of three major dimensions of social context on the behavioral, academic, and psychological outcomes of a culturally and geographically diverse combination of child populations. Demographic Risk FactorsLow family SES places children at risk. Children in low-SES families demonstrate higher l...

show abstract

“…Some factors that constitute the cumulative risk index, such as poverty, might affect effortful control through the quality of the home environment or learning opportunities in the home (e.g., Elardo & Bradley, 1981;Dubow & Ippolito, 1994;Duncan et al, 1994). Other factors, such as singleparent status or parental psychopathology, might impact developing effortful control through parenting (e.g., Dumka et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual risk and parenting as predictors of effortful control and social competence in preschool children

Lengua

Honorado

Bush

2007

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

367

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using a short-term longitudinal design (6 months), this study examined cumulative contextual risk as a predictor of effortful control (EC) and social competence in a community sample of children (N = 80, ages 33-40 months at time 1). Maternal parenting was examined as a mediator of contextual risk. EC was assessed using laboratory tasks, and parenting was assessed using observational ratings. Time 1 contextual risk was negatively related to time 2 EC after controlling for time 1 EC. Mothers' limit setting and scaffolding predicted higher time 2 EC and accounted for the effect of contextual risk. Time 1 EC, contextual risk, and parenting predicted time 2 social competence, and contextual risk had an indirect effect on social competence through parenting. Results suggest that contextual risk predicts smaller relative increases in EC and that parenting accounts for this effect. Knowledge of the factors that divert or promote effortful control can provide targets for intervention to enhance effortful control abilities and better adjustment.

show abstract

Effects of poverty and quality of the home environment on changes in the academic and behavioral adjustment of elementary school-age children

Cited by 121 publications

References 40 publications

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

Impact of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Neurodevelopment in the First 3 Years of Life Among Inner-City Children

Predicting developmental outcomes at school entry using a multiple-risk model: Four American communities.

Contextual risk and parenting as predictors of effortful control and social competence in preschool children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About