Effects of practice schedule on the adaptive process of motor learning

Corrêa, Umberto César; Ugrinowitsch, Herbert; Benda, Rodolfo Novellino; Tani, Go

doi:10.5628/rpcd.10.01.158

Cited by 18 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Participants, task, and apparatus were similar to those used by Corrêa and colleagues in previous studies (Corrêa et al, 2006(Corrêa et al, , 2007(Corrêa et al, , 2010a(Corrêa et al, , 2010b. Thirty-six right-handed children, both boys (n = 20) and girls (n = 16), with a mean age of 11.6 years (SD = 0.5) took part in the experiment.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the stabilization phase, initially inconsistent and incorrect responses are gradually reduced by a negative feedback mechanism. As a result, a functional stabilization is achieved, which means the formation of a structure, i.e., pattern (Corrêa, Ugrinowitsch, Benda, & Tani, 2010a;Corrêa, Alegre, Freudenheim, Santos, & Tani, 2012;Tani, 1995Tani, , 2005b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this body of studies have indicated that the constant followed by random practice (constant-random) promotes better adaptation than the constant, random, and random followed by constant (random-constant) practice schedules. For instance, Corrêa et al (2010a) using a complex coincident timing task showed that when the modification in the task involved changes in Practice schedule and skill diversification | 37 perceptual and motor requirements simultaneously (e.g., velocities of the visual stimulus and sequences of responses), the constantrandom group adapted by reorganizing the acquired structure; similar result was observed when the task was modified only in terms of motor requirements, but when the modification was perceptual, the adaptation did not demand any modification of the acquired structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second line of research, the adaptive process model has been investigated regarding the effects of practice schedules (Corrêa, Benda, Meira Jr., & Tani, 2003;Corrêa et al, 2010a). Practice is a sine qua non condition for learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sequence of practice allows the formation of an initial structure of the task so that the subsequent variations by random practice promote its diversification. According to Corrêa et al (2010a), diversification can be thought as a process of applying different parameters to the skill structure that increases its flexibility facilitating adaptation. To put it in another way, the varied practice promote the increase of an array of skill parameters, items, values or/and appropriate solutions for a given motor problem (Ugrinowitsch, Corrêa & Tani, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeitos da quantidade e do regime de prática variada após a prática constante sobre o processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora

Corrêa¹,

Walter²,

Torriani‐Pasin³

et al. 2014

Motricidade

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This study investigated the effects of different amounts and schedules of varied practice, after constant practice, on the adaptive process of motor learning. Participants were one hundred and seven children with a mean age of 11.1 ± 0.9 years. Three experiments were carried out using a complex anticipatory timing task manipulating the following components in the varied practice: visual stimulus speed (experiment 1); sequential response pattern (experiment 2); and visual stimulus speed plus sequential response pattern (experiment 3). In all experiments the design involved three amounts (18, 36, and 63 trials), and two schedules (random and blocked) of varied practice. The experiments also involved two learning phases: stabilization and adaptation. The dependent variables were the absolute, variable, and constant errors related to the task goal, and the relative timing of the sequential response. Results showed that all groups worsened the performances in the adaptation phase, and no difference was observed between them. Altogether, the results of the three experiments allow the conclusion that the amounts of trials manipulated in the random and blocked practices did not promote the diversification of the skill since no adaptation was observed. Keywords: adaptive system, practice schedule, variability, coincident timing RESUMO Este estudo investigou os efeitos de diferentes quantidades estruturas de prática variada, após a prática constante, no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora. Os participantes foram 107 crianças com idade média de 11.1 ± 0.9 anos. Três experimentos foram realizados usando uma tarefa de timing antecipatório complexo manipulando os seguintes componentes na prática variada: velocidade visuais estímulo (experimento 1); padrão de resposta sequencial (experimento 2), e velocidade de estímulo visual mais padrão de resposta sequencial (experimento 3). Em todos os experimentos, o design envolveu três quantidades (18, 36 e 63 ensaios), e dois regimes (aleatória e por blocos) da prática variada. Os experimentos também envolveram duas fases de aprendizagem: estabilização e adaptação. As variá-veis dependentes foram os erros absoluto, variável e constante relacionados ao objetivo da tarefa, e o timing relativo para avaliar o padrão de resposta. Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos pioraram os desempenhos na fase de adaptação, e nenhuma diferença entre eles foi observada. No seu conjunto, os resultados dos três experimentos permitem concluir que as quantidades de tentativas manipuladas nas práticas aleatória e por blocos não promoveram a diversificação da habilidade desde que não foi observada nenhuma adaptação. Palavras-chave: processo adaptativo, estrutura de prática, variabilidade, timing coincidente Manuscript

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeitos da quantidade e do regime de prática variada após a prática constante sobre o processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora

Corrêa¹,

Walter²,

Torriani‐Pasin³

et al. 2014

Motricidade

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Estrutura de prática e a organização hierárquica de habilidades motoras

Souza¹

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SOUZA, T. O. Practice schedule and hierarchical organization of motor skills.2018. 134 f. Thesis (Doctor The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different practice schedules on the hierarchical organization of motor skills in the adaptive process. Two experiments were conducted, each with the participation of 40 young adults of both sexes. The design of both experiments consisted of two phases (stabilization and adaptation) and four practice groups: constant, constant-random, random and random-constant. In experiment 1, participants performed 240 trials of field tennis forehand in the stabilization phase, and 60 trials in the adaptation phase. The macro-and microstructure measures referred to relative timing and total movement time, respectively. In addition, the performance was analyzed through a performance index (ID) and coefficient of variation. In Experiment 2, participants performed 90 trials of golf putting strokes in the stabilization phase, and 30 trials in the adaptation phase. The measures were relative displacement and timing (macrostructure) and total displacement and time (microstructure). Cluster analyzes were run for inferring the emergence of movement patterns over practice. The performances were analyzed through ANOVAs. The results of experiment 1 showed that showed that the macro and microstructures became more consistent in the stabilization phase, but this was not accompanied by an improvement in performance. It was verified that in all experiment the variability of the macrostructure was superior to that of the microstructure. In experiment 2, constant, random and random-constant groups altered macro and microstructure and improved performance in the stabilization phase. However, with task modification they did not support the perturbation and worsened the performance. Associated with the performance results was the fact that the consistency of the macrostructure was lower than that of the microstructure, thus inferring that functional stabilization had not occurred.

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Enhanced Performance Stabilization Increases Performance Variability in a Virtual Interception Task

et al. 2020

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Performing a motor task depends on the level of performance stabilization and movement control, and both aspects of motor behavior are related to motor learning (retention and transfer) and adaptation (predictable and unpredictable perturbations). Yet few studies have further investigated the underlying dynamics that may elicit these benefits. In this study, we investigated the effects of two levels of performance stabilization on motor performance and control while learning to intercept a virtual moving target. We randomly divided 40 participants of both sexes ( Mage = 26.02 years, SD = 2.02) into a Stabilization Group (SG) and a Superstabilization Group (SSG). We considered the performance stabilized when a moving target was intercepted three times in a row and superstabilized when the same criterion was repeated six times. We analyzed outcome variables related to performance accuracy (absolute spatial error) and variability(coefficient of variation) and motor control (relative time to peak velocity-tPV% and its coefficient of variation) on both the first and last blocks of practice trials. Both groups showed comparable increases in performance accuracy from the first to the last block ( p = .001, ηp2 = 1.00), but SSG presented higher variability than SG ( p = .05, ηp2 = .70). Concerning motor control, both groups started the experiment with low tPV% and finished with comparably high tPV% and variability. Thus, although practicing two levels of performance stabilization led to similar performance accuracy and movement control, superstabilization resulted in higher performance variability with no loss of accuracy. Enhanced stabilization may increase the ability to adapt to environmental changes, but more research is needed to demonstrate this. These findings add to an understanding of the relationship between levels of performance stabilization and performance variability and may have implications for professional interventions (e.g. sports, rehabilitation) in considering the benefits of practice beyond performance stabilization.

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Effects of practice schedule on the adaptive process of motor learning

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Efeitos da quantidade e do regime de prática variada após a prática constante sobre o processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora

Efeitos da quantidade e do regime de prática variada após a prática constante sobre o processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora

Estrutura de prática e a organização hierárquica de habilidades motoras

Enhanced Performance Stabilization Increases Performance Variability in a Virtual Interception Task

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