Effects of pre-encapsulated and pro-encapsulated Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, blood characteristics, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens

Abstract

The effects of microencapsulation of Enterococcus faecalis on the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, and cecal microbiota in broilers were investigated. Broilers (1-day-old) were assigned randomly as follows: 5 treatments, 5 replicate pens per treatment, and 20 broilers per pen. Treatments included (1) a basal diet (CON), (2) CON + Aureomycin (1 g/kg of diet) (ANT), (3) CON + free non-encapsulated probiotics (1 × 10(9) cfu/kg of diet) (FREE), (4) CON + pro-encapsulated probiotics (1 × 10(9) cfu/kg of diet) (PRO), and (5) CON + pre-encapsulated probiotics (1 × 10(9) cfu/kg of diet) (PRE). Feedings included starter (1 to 21 d) and grower (21 to 42 d) phases. In the starter phase, the ANT and the PRE groups had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than the CON groups, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for these 2 groups was decreased (P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, the PRE and PRO groups had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than the CON group and their FCR was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). During the entire feeding period, only the PRE group showed greater (P < 0.05) ADG and lower (P < 0.05) FCR. On day 21, only birds in the PRE group had greater (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and number of Lactobacillus than the CON group. On day 42, The PRE group showed greater (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase than the CON group. Serum IgA and IgM concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in the PRE group. Serum IL-6 in the PRE group was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other groups with the exception of ANT. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (P < 0.05) and Proteobacteria was depleted (P < 0.05) only in the PRE group. At the genus level, only the PRE diets increased (P < 0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. The results indicate that pre-encapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics in broilers.

Comparative analyses of the gut microbiota among three different wild geese species in the genus Anser

“…Consistent with this broad generalization, the gut microbiota of Greylag geese were also occupied by these four phyla (Supporting Information Table S2). The positive relationship between Firmicutes abundance and body mass gain had been reported in chickens . The predominance of Firmicutes present in Greylag geese gut microbiota may also be possibly related to the weight gain required for the demands of long distance migration (sampling was conducted during their autumn migration).…”

Dietary supplementation of powdered and encapsulated probiotic: In vivo study on relative carcass, giblet weight and intestinal morphometry of local duck

“…Alkhalf, Alhaj, and Al-Homidan (2010) reported that higher level of the supplementation probiotic to broilers in the levels of 0.8 -1 g kg -1 was found to be better than control. Increasing levels of encapsulated probiotic could improve viability and stability, increase protection against pathogenic resulting in improving in nutrient utilization, gut environment, and growth performance (Natsir et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

“…In this research, we use either without encapsulation or encapsulation technology to protect probiotics. Because encapsulation technology has been observed to be a protector for corematerial (either pro or prebiotic), this is an effective way to maintain viability, survivability and protect from environmental barriers inside, against pathogenic bacteria, enhance immune function and growth performances (Natsir et al, 2019;Ritzi, Abdelrahman, Mohnl, & Dalloul, 2014;Yazhini, Visha, Selvaraj, Vasanthakumar, & Chandran, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015). Supplementation of either powdered or encapsulated probiotic is expected to improve production performances.…”

Effects of microencapsulated probiotics and plant extract on antioxidant ability, immune status and caecal microflora in Escherichia coli K88-challenged broiler chickens

“…However, lactic acid bacteria are very sensitive to the external environment, such as feed process, storage, and gastrointestinal tract of animal (Corona-Hernandez, Alvarez-Parrilla, Lizardi-Mendoza, Islas-Rubio, & de la Rosa, 2013;Prakash, Tomaro-Duchesneau, Saha, & Cantor, 2011). Microencapsulated probiotics have beneficial effects on enhancing the survivability of probiotics to the adverse environment in the gastrointestinal tract and on improving the overall health of broilers (Corona-Hernandez et al, 2008;Zhang, Li, Yun, Qi, et al, 2015b). Furthermore, the antimicrobial protein produced by E. faecalis showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, so E. faecalis might be used for inhibition of the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Pantev et al, 2003;Shekh & Roy, 2012).…”