Effects of pre-strain and bake-hardening on the crash properties of a top-hat section

Durrenberger, L.; Lemoine, Xavier; Molinari, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.06.015

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One of the most important issues in the automotive industry is the safe design, light weight and enhanced of crash response of specific auto-body structures. These objectives lead to the increasing adoption of high-strength steel sheets for specific parts of auto-body members [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production

Kaščák¹,

Cmorej²,

Spišák³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Nowadays, there are several important reasons for using high-strength sheets in the manufacturing of car bodies. Car manufacturers choose the steel with good formability, fatigue resistance and ability to absorb impact energy. Microalloyed steels and dual-phase steels are the materials which fulfil the above-mentioned criteria. The application of high-strength sheets has led to the development of new materials joining techniques. Mechanical joining, such as clinching, is the innovative technique to join these progressive materials. Materials of different thicknesses can be joined by clinching. The paper focuses on the comparison of the properties of the joints made by clinching and resistance spot welding. The application of resistance spot welding is still the most used joining method in car body production. These properties were investigated by tensile test and metallographic observation. The HCT600X+ZF, HCT600X+Z and HX420LAD+Z steel sheets were used for the experiments. The results of tensile test show that the values of load-bearing capacity of clinched joints reached from 3900 N to 5900 N and the resistance spot welded joints reached the values of load-bearing capacity from 12000 N to 19500 N. In comparison to the resistance spot welded joints, the clinched joints reached from 32 to 48% of load-bearing capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production

Kaščák¹,

Cmorej²,

Spišák³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…Intercritical annealing results in formation of hard particles of martensite (α') in a soft matrix of ferrite (α) grains. This step is usually followed by additional cold work and heat treatment called bake hardening (BH [50,66,79,82,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]; cf. Figure 1) to achieve the desired combination of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high throughput assays for establishing process-structure-property linkages in multiphase polycrystalline metals: Application to dual-phase steels

2017

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Process-structure-property (PSP) linkages are central to the development and deployment of advanced materials in emerging technologies. Conventional approaches for establishing these are generally highly customized, qualitative, and demand major investments of time and effort. In this paper, we formulate novel, data-driven, high throughput, assays for exploring PSP linkages in structural metals. These assays are built on recent advances in low-dimensional quantification of material structure using spatial correlations and principal component analyses, as well as in the mechanical characterization using spherical nanoindentation. These novel protocols are demonstrated on a dual phase (DP) steel that exhibits rich multiphase polycrystalline microstructures.

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“…These processing steps typically include intercritical annealing at 730-830 • C for a few minutes up to an hour, quenching at different cooling rates, cold working to different deformation levels, and aging at 100-250 • C up to few hours. The last two steps are typically referred to as bake hardening [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. During the intercritical annealing treatment, the material is heated up to a temperature where the austenite and the ferrite phases are stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the relevant section of the phase diagram (see Figure 1) suggests that intercritical annealing at lower temperatures results in a smaller volume fraction of martensite but with a higher carbon content. As already mentioned, another important component in the processing of DP steels is the bake hardening (BH) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] step, which includes cold working followed by aging heat treatment. This step is known to impart DP steels with a characteristic property known as continuous yielding, which is generally attributed to the production and pinning of dislocations in the ferrite component, especially in the vicinity of ferrite/martensite interfaces [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16,18,19,22,28,[30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Microstructural Changes During the Processing of Dual-Phase Steels from Multiresolution Spherical Indentation Stress–Strain Protocols

Khosravani

Caliendo

Kalidindi

2019

Metals

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In this study, recently established multiresolution spherical indentation stress-strain protocols have been employed to derive new insights into the microstructural changes that occur during the processing of dual-phase (DP) steels. This is accomplished by utilizing indenter tips of different radii such that the mechanical responses can be evaluated both at the macroscale (reflecting the bulk properties of the sample) and at the microscale (reflecting the properties of the constituent phases). More specifically, nine different thermo-mechanical processing conditions involving different combinations of intercritical annealing temperatures and bake hardening after different amounts of cold work were studied. In addition to demonstrating the tremendous benefits of the indentation protocols for evaluating the variations within each sample and between the samples at different material length scales in a high throughput manner, the measurements provided several new insights into the microstructural changes occurring in the alloys during their processing. In particular, the indentation measurements indicated that the strength of the martensite phase reduces by about 37% when quenched from 810 • C compared to being quenched from 750 • C, while the strength of the ferrite phase remains about the same. In addition, during the 10% thickness reduction and bake hardening steps, the strength of the martensite phase shows a small decrease due to tempering, while the strength of the ferrite increases by about 50% by static aging.

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Effects of pre-strain and bake-hardening on the crash properties of a top-hat section

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production

Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production

Development of high throughput assays for establishing process-structure-property linkages in multiphase polycrystalline metals: Application to dual-phase steels

New Insights into the Microstructural Changes During the Processing of Dual-Phase Steels from Multiresolution Spherical Indentation Stress–Strain Protocols

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