Effects of premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride and anesthetic induction with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol in combination with diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy sheep

Gatson, Bonnie J.; Pablo, Luisito S.; Plummer, Caryn E.; Granone, Tiffany D.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.76.9.771

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Methods of restraint should also be taken into consideration, as pressure applied on the jugular vein during capture and testing could influence the results . Intraocular pressure can be affected by sedation and general anesthesia as well as different types of tonometers used . The values of IOP obtained in the population of fallow deer were close to the values in the brown brocket deer (15.3 mm Hg) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival bacterial flora in selected captive wild ruminants

Kvapil

Pirš

Slavec

et al. 2017

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective Evaluation of tear production (Schirmer's tear test, STT) and measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) were performed in a population of captive wild ungulates in a Slovenian ZOO during routine annual health check. Animals studied In total, 10 fallow deer (Dama dama), 25 mouflons (Ovis aries musimon), 20 alpine ibexes (Capra ibex), and three alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) were included in the study. Methods Tear production was performed by Schirmer's tear test, IOP was measured with an applanation tonometer, and ophthalmological examination was conducted with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Conjunctival swabs were taken and submitted for aerobic bacteriology and for detection of Chlamydia spp. and Mycoplasma spp. tested by PCR. Results Average tear production (in mm/min) was 17.8 AE 3.16 for fallow deer, 17.9 AE 3.87 for mouflons, and 11.7 AE 3.87 for ibexes. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP, in mm Hg) was 14.1 AE 2.48 for fallow deer, 14.9 AE 2.20 for mouflons, and 13.1 AE 2.43 for ibexes. For chamois, average tear production and IOP were 14.5 AE 3.0 and 10.2 AE 2.5, respectively; this is the first record of STT I and IOP in chamois. Bacteriological swabs were positive for bacteria in 100% of the fallow deer, 56% of mouflons, 35% of ibexes, and 100% of chamois. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Moraxella spp., Chlamydia spp., and Mycoplasma spp. were not detected. Conclusion The reported values were obtained in animals under manual restraint only to be applicative in similar conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival bacterial flora in selected captive wild ruminants

Kvapil

Pirš

Slavec

et al. 2017

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Recent studies in mice and rats demonstrated an analgesic effect of 48–72 hr duration following a single s.c. injection of different SR‐buprenorphine compounds (Carbone, Lindstrom, Diep, & Carbone, ; Chum et al., ; Clark, Clark, & Hoyt, ; Foley, Liang, & Crichlow, ; Healy et al., ; Jirkof, Tourvieille, Cinelli, & Arras, ; Kendall et al., ). Similar SR‐buprenorphine compounds have been used in dogs (Nunamaker et al., ; Tomas, Bledsoe, Wall, Davidson, & Lascelles, ), cats (Catbagan, Quimby, Mama, Rychel, & Mich, ; Enomoto et al., ; Johnson et al., ), rabbits (DiVincenti, Meirelles, & Westcott, ), Göttingen minipigs (Thiede et al., ), guinea pigs (Smith, Wegenast, Hansen, Hess, & Kendall, ), sheep (Gatson, Pablo, Plummer, & Granone, ; Walkowiak & Graham, ; Zullian et al., ), alpaca (Dooley et al., ), elephant seals (Molter et al., ), and macaques (Nunamaker et al., ). However, the SR‐buprenorphine formulations used in these studies were either unknown or compounded products and, in most of these studies, the authors reported skin lesions at the site of injections, ranging from simple s.c. nodules to abscesses, open wounds, and necrotic lesions likely caused by the viscosity of the product or the formulation matrix (Carbone et al., ; Catbagan et al., ; Clark et al., ; DiVincenti et al., ; Foley et al., ; Molter et al., ; Nunamaker et al., , ; Thiede et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…| 503 Tomas, Bledsoe, Wall, Davidson, & Lascelles, 2015), cats (Catbagan, Quimby, Mama, Rychel, & Mich, 2011;Enomoto et al, 2017;Johnson et al, 2017), rabbits (DiVincenti, Meirelles, & Westcott, 2016), Göttingen minipigs (Thiede et al, 2014), guinea pigs (Smith, Wegenast, Hansen, Hess, & Kendall, 2016), sheep (Gatson, Pablo, Plummer, & Granone, 2015;Walkowiak & Graham, 2015;Zullian et al, 2016), alpaca (Dooley et al, 2017), elephant seals (Molter et al, 2015), and macaques (Nunamaker et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

The pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of extended‐release buprenorphine administered subcutaneously in healthy dogs

Barletta

Ostenkamp

Taylor

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Buprenorphine is a partial μ agonist opioid used for analgesia in dogs. An extended-release formulation (ER-buprenorphine) has been shown to provide effective analgesia for 72 hr in rats and mice. Six healthy mongrel dogs were enrolled in a randomized, blinded crossover design to describe and compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ER-buprenorphine administered subcutaneous at 0.2 mg/kg (ER-B) and commercially available buprenorphine for injection intravenously at 0.02 mg/kg (IV-B). After drug administration, serial blood samples were collected to measure plasma buprenorphine concentrations using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry detection. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, sedation score, and thermal threshold latency were recorded throughout the study. Median (range) terminal half-life, time to maximum concentration, and maximum plasma concentration of ER-buprenorphine were 12.74 hr (10.43-18.84 hr), 8 hr (4-36 hr), and 5.00 ng/ml (4.29-10.98 ng/ml), respectively. Mild bradycardia, hypothermia, and inappetence were noted in both groups. Thermal threshold latency was significantly prolonged compared to baseline up to 12 hr and up to 72 hr in IV-B and ER-B, respectively. These results showed that ER-buprenorphine administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg resulted in prolonged and sustained plasma concentrations and antinociceptive effects up to 72 hr after drug administration.

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“…Human studies have reported both increases and decreases in IOP following ketamine injection alone, along with a dependence on dosage,14–17 so there is some confusion in the literature as to the effects of ketamine on IOP. The most common animal models in which the effects of anesthesia on IOP have been studied are rodents, sheep, and NHPs; other studies have also included rabbits, cows, pigs, dogs, and cats 18–22. Raposo et al reported the effect of four different anesthetics on capuchin monkeys, which included ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-dexmedetomidine 23.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure Measured With Continuous Wireless Telemetry in Nonhuman Primates

Jasien

Girkin

Downs

2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeTo compare the effects of both injectable anesthesia (ketamine/dexmedetomidine versus ketamine/xylazine) and inhalant anesthesia (isoflurane) on IOP using continuous, bilateral IOP telemetry in nonhuman primates (NHP).MethodsBilateral IOP was recorded continuously using a proven implantable telemetry system in five different sessions at least 2 weeks apart in four male rhesus macaques under two conditions: ketamine (3 mg/kg) with dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg) or ketamine with xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) for induction, both followed by isoflurane for maintenance. IOP transducers were calibrated via anterior chamber manometry. Bilateral IOP was averaged over 2 minutes after injectable anesthetic induction and again after isoflurane inhalant had stabilized the anesthetic plane, then compared to baseline IOP measurements acquired immediately prior to anesthesia (both before and after initial human contact).ResultsWhen compared to pre-contact baseline measurements, ketamine/dexmedetomidine injectable anesthesia lowers IOP by 1.5 mm Hg on average (P < 0.05), but IOP did not change with ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. IOP returned to baseline levels shortly after isoflurane gas anesthesia was initiated. However, injectable anesthesia lowered IOP by an average of 5.4 mm Hg when compared to that measured after initial human contact (P < 0.01).ConclusionsAnesthetic effects on IOP are generally small when compared to precontact baseline but much larger when compared to IOP measures taken after human contact, indicating that IOP is temporarily elevated due to acute stress (similar to a “white coat effect”) and then decreased with anesthetic relaxation. Anesthetic induction with ketamine/xylazine and maintenance with isoflurane gas should be used when IOP is measured postanesthesia.

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Effects of premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride and anesthetic induction with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol in combination with diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy sheep

Abstract: Results suggested that both ketamine-diazepam and propofol-diazepam combinations were suitable for IOA without increasing IOP in sheep. The use of SRB should be avoided in sheep when increases in IOP are undesirable.

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival bacterial flora in selected captive wild ruminants

Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival bacterial flora in selected captive wild ruminants

The pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of extended‐release buprenorphine administered subcutaneously in healthy dogs

Effect of Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure Measured With Continuous Wireless Telemetry in Nonhuman Primates

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