Effects of Preparation on Internal and External Memories

Manzanero, Antonio L.; Diges, Margarita

doi:10.1515/9783110879483.56

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This seems to be in line with the rationale provided earlier arising from the different roles of speakers and writers (Chafe & Tannen, ; Halliday, , ; Pu, ), and an obvious implication of these findings is that oral and written accounts should never be treated as equivalent either within or across studies (see, e.g. Granhag, Strömwall, & Landström, ; Manzanero & Diges, ). Moreover, if written accounts overall tend to be denser in terms of RM criteria than the oral accounts, and are easier to process, one might question why written accounts are used so rarely in RM research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Role of Account Length in Detecting Deception in Written and Orally Produced Autobiographical Accounts using Reality Monitoring

Elntib

Wagstaff

Wheatcroft

2014

Journal Invest Psychology

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Reality monitoring lie-detection studies, like others that use raw frequency counts as primary data, seem consistently to underestimate the influence of the length of (or number of words in) the account. The decisions as to whether to standardise or not, or what method of standardisation to use, are rarely empirically driven, so it is still unclear as to whether reality monitoring is more effective before or after standardisation for length. Another factor that also has received little attention in the reality monitoring literature is whether statements are produced orally or in written form. To investigate these issues, 42 autobiographical statements, 21 truthful, and 21 deceptive, including 22 oral and 20 written accounts, were analysed before and after word count standardisation. Results showed that reality monitoring criteria only discriminated significantly between truthful and deceptive accounts when no attempt to control for word count was made. Also, oral statements contained more evidence of reality monitoring criteria before standardisation for word count, whereas written statements were denser and contained more evidence of reality monitoring criteria after standardisation. Implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Role of Account Length in Detecting Deception in Written and Orally Produced Autobiographical Accounts using Reality Monitoring

Elntib

Wagstaff

Wheatcroft

2014

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…Most researchers have worked on the assumption that verbal behaviours change while lying. In particular, fabricated stories tend to contain less sensory and contextual information than truthful stories, two features that are part of the Reality Monitoring tool (Alonso‐Quecuty, 1996; Alonso‐Quecuty, Hernandez‐Fernaud, & Campos, 1997; Hernandez‐Fernaud & Alonso‐Quecuty, 1997; Manzanero & Diges, 1995, Masip, Sporer, Garrido, & Herrero, 2005; Sporer, 1997). Reality Monitoring is used more in experimental research than in the field by professional lie detectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have you made up your story? The effect of suspicion and liars' strategies on reality monitoring

Gnisci

Caso

Vrij

2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The impact of Veracity, Suspicion (weak or strong) and Strategy (making up a story or using past experiences) on Reality Monitoring (RM) scores was examined. A total of 158 undergraduate students were interviewed twice about the possession of an object. In one interview they were asked to lie, and in the other to tell the truth (Veracity factor). In both conditions, suspicion was raised in the second half of the interview: Participants were accused of lying by the interviewer and asked to repeat their account (Raised Suspicion factor). At the end of the interview participants were asked whether their lies were totally made up or whether they described an event that they had experienced previously (Strategy factor). Results revealed that truth tellers and liars' speech differed from each other in accordance with RM theory, even when the interviewer was suspicious and even when liars fabricated a story by describing events that they had previously experienced.

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“…Recently, Reality Monitoring has been used as an alternative method to examine verbal differences between responses believed to be true and false (Alonso-Quecuty, 1992Alonso-Quecuty, Hernandez-Fernaud, & Campos, 1997;Höfer et al, 1996;Manzanero & Diges, 1996;Roberts, Lamb, Zale, & Randall, 1998;Sporer, 1997;Vrij et al, 2000;Vrij et al, 2001b). The core of Reality Monitoring is the claim that memories of experienced events differ in quality from memories of imagined (e.g., fabricated) events.…”

Section: Verbal Behaviors Relating To Deceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Deceit Via Analyses of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Children and Adults

Vrij

Akehurst

Soukara

et al. 2004

Human Communication Research

147

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This experiment examined children's and undergraduates' verbal and nonverbal deceptive behavior, and the extent to which their truths and lies could be correctly classified by paying attention to these responses. Participants (N = 196) aged 5-6, 10-11, and 14-15, as well as university undergraduates, participated in an erasing the blackboard event, and told the truth or lied about the event afterwards. Nonverbal and verbal responses were coded, the latter with Criteria-Based Content Analysis and Reality Monitoring. Although children and undergraduates demonstrated different behaviors (for example, the children obtained lower CBCA scores and made more movements), actual cues to deceit were remarkably similar across different age groups (for example, both 5-6-year-olds and undergraduates obtained lower CBCA scores and made fewer movements while lying). A combination of verbal and nonverbal lie detection methods resulted in more correct classifications of liars and truth tellers than the verbal and nonverbal lie detection methods individually, with the combined method obtaining hit rates as high as 88%.

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Effects of Preparation on Internal and External Memories

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The Role of Account Length in Detecting Deception in Written and Orally Produced Autobiographical Accounts using Reality Monitoring

The Role of Account Length in Detecting Deception in Written and Orally Produced Autobiographical Accounts using Reality Monitoring

Have you made up your story? The effect of suspicion and liars' strategies on reality monitoring

Detecting Deceit Via Analyses of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Children and Adults

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