Effects of Presentation Format and List Length on Children's False Memories

Swannell, Ellen R.; Dewhurst, Stephen A.

doi:10.1080/15248372.2011.638689

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The modeling analyses revealed that the familiarity parameter was larger for categories for which larger numbers of exemplars were presented, implicating the gist retrieval in the false memory enhancement for 8-exemplar categories. These findings are inconsistent with prior work on DRM false memory (e.g., Robinson & Roediger, 1997; Swannell & Dewhurst, 2013), which showed that increasing the length of word lists increases false memory and reduces true memory. However, the present data are consistent with research on categorized word lists, which showed that increasing list length increases false memory without affecting true memory (Dennis & Chapman, 2010).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

Bookbinder¹,

Brainerd²

2017

Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In prior work on how true and false memory are influenced by emotion, valence and arousal have often been conflated. Thus, it is difficult to say which specific effects are due to valence and which are due to arousal. In the present research, we used a picture-memory paradigm that allowed emotional valence to be manipulated with arousal held constant. Negatively-valenced pictures elevated both true and false memory, relative to positive and neutral pictures. Conjoint recognition modeling revealed that negative valence (a) reduced erroneous suppression of true memories and (b) increased the familiarity of the semantic content of both true and false memories. Overall, negative valence impaired the verbatim side of episodic memory but enhanced the gist side, and these effects persisted even after a week-long delay.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

Bookbinder¹,

Brainerd²

2017

Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior studies in the DRM literature typically showed 8 to 15 words per list (e.g., Fenn et al, 2009;Swannell & Dewhurst, 2013). Generally, within this range,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on DRM false memory: Greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

Mak¹,

O’Hagan²,

Horner³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human memory is known to be supported by sleep. However, less is known about the effect of sleep on false memory, where people remember events that never occurred. In the laboratory, false memories are often induced via the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm where participants are presented with semantically related words such as nurse, hospital, and sick (studied words). Subsequently, participants are likely to falsely remember that a related lure word such as doctor was presented. Multiple studies have examined whether these false memories are influenced by sleep, with contradictory results. A recent meta-analysis suggests that sleep may increase DRM false memory when short lists are used. We tested this in a registered report (N=488) with a 2 (Interval: Immediate vs. 12-hr Delay) x 2 (Test Time: 9AM vs. 9PM) between-participant DRM experiment, using short DRM lists (N = 8 words/list) and free recall as the memory test. We found that the Sleep and Wake participants were well-matched on their number of total responses, but those in the Sleep group produced fewer intrusions (i.e., words that were neither studied nor lure words), and when this was statistically controlled for, they showed a greater tendency to recall more critical lures as well as more studied words. Our findings support the view that sleep may facilitate gist abstraction and/or spreading activation, alongside strengthening/protecting newly encoded declarative memories.

show abstract

“…Prior studies in the DRM literature typically showed 8-15 words per list (e.g. [32,64,86]). Generally, within this range, showing fewer words reduces false recall rates ( [68,86]; see also [87]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32,64,86]). Generally, within this range, showing fewer words reduces false recall rates ( [68,86]; see also [87]). However, showing even fewer words per list (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory: greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

Mak,

O'Hagan,

Horner

et al. 2023

R. Soc. open sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human memory is known to be supported by sleep. However, less is known about the effect of sleep on false memory, where people incorrectly remember events that never occurred. In the laboratory, false memories are often induced via the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm where participants are presented with wordlists comprising semantically related words such as nurse , hospital and sick (studied words). Subsequently, participants are likely to falsely remember that a related lure word such as doctor was presented. Multiple studies have examined whether these false memories are influenced by sleep, with contradictory results. A recent meta-analysis suggests that sleep may increase DRM false memory when short lists are used. We tested this in a registered report ( N = 488) with a 2 (Interval: Immediate versus 12 h delay) × 2 (Test Time: 9:00 versus 21:00) between-participant DRM experiment, using short DRM lists ( N = 8 words/list) and free recall as the memory test. We found an unexpected time-of-day effect such that completing free recall in the evening led to more intrusions (neither studied nor lure words). Above and beyond this time-of-day effect, the Sleep participants produced fewer intrusions than their Wake counterparts. When this was statistically controlled for, the Sleep participants falsely produced more critical lures. They also correctly recalled more studied words (regardless of intrusions). Exploratory analysis showed that these findings cannot be attributed to differences in output bias, as indexed by the number of total responses. Our overall results cannot be fully captured by existing sleep-specific theories of false memory, but help to define the role of sleep in two more general theories (Fuzzy-Trace and Activation/Monitoring theories) and suggest that sleep may benefit gist abstraction/spreading activation on one hand and memory suppression/source monitoring on the other.

show abstract

Effects of Presentation Format and List Length on Children's False Memories

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on DRM false memory: Greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory: greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About