Effects of preterm birth and fetal growth retardation on cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood

Evensen, Kari Anne I.; Steinshamn, Sigurd; Tjønna, Arnt Erik; Stølen, Tomas; Høydal, Morten A.; Wisløff, Ulrik; Brubakk, AO; Vik, Torstein

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.008

Cited by 115 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…No reduction in airflow was found among 35 VLBW subjects and 48 control subjects in a study in London, England. 14 By contrast, a study comparing 42 VLBW young adults from the Dutch POPS (Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants) cohort with 48 control subjects 15 and another study in Trondheim, Norway, with 37 VLBW subjects and 63 control participants, 16 found a lower percent predicted FEV 1 of 14% and 13%, respectively. The reason for the difference between these 3 studies is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most studies may not include a sufficient number of subjects to distinguish between those with a history of BPD and those without. [13][14][15][16] Moreover, there are many other prenatal and neonatal conditions that could predispose VLBW infants to or protect them from later respiratory disease. 17,18 The longterm effects of these conditions could provide valuable insights regarding those mechanisms that link them with airway obstruction in later life.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung Function in Very Low Birth Weight Adults

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lung function attained in young adulthood is 1 of the strongest predictors of obstructive airways disease in later life. Adults born preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW; ,1500 g) who have experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have reduced lung function. We studied the association of lung function in young adulthood with preterm birth at VLBW and with BPD and other prenatal and neonatal conditions. METHODS:We performed spirometry for 160 VLBW subjects (29 with BPD according to Northway criteria) aged 18 to 27 years and 162 term control subjects group-matched for gender, age, and birth hospital. Lung function was expressed as z scores according to the Global Lung Function Initiative standards.RESULTS: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second z score was 1.41 units (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89 to 1.94) lower in BPD-VLBW subjects and 0.39 units (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.69) in non-BPD VLBW subjects compared with control subjects. Corresponding differences for forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity were 1.52 (95% CI: 0.99 to 2.05) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.81), respectively. Maternal smoking in pregnancy predicted poorer airflow in all groups; this finding was strongest in the BPD-VLBW group. Lung function was unrelated to fetal or postnatal growth or to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function in Very Low Birth Weight Adults

et al. 2015

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“…[30][31][32][33] In general, the evidence suggests that VLBW/VP survivors, particularly if they had chronic neonatal lung disease, have reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second, lower forced vital capacity, and decreased diffusing capacity. In our cohort at 7 to 8 years of age, we found that 32% had a diagnosis of asthma at the time of follow-up, with a significant trend (P , .05) of greater risk of asthma with decreasing gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Outcomes of Young Adults Born Very Low Birth Weight

Darlow¹,

Horwood

Pere-Bracken³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Several studies have suggested that very low birth weight young adults have increased risks of physical and health problems, educational underachievement, and poorer social functioning than their peers, but there are limited population-based and longitudinal data.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Former VLBW young adults in this national cohort scored as well as term controls on many measures of health and social functioning, including quality-of-life scores, with some differences largely confined to those with disability at age 7 to 8 years.abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the early adult health, education, and social functioning of a national cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born in 1986 in New Zealand compared with a control group of young adults born the same year. The impact of neurodevelopmental disability at age 7 to 8 years on young adult outcomes was examined.METHODS: Participants underwent a comprehensive face-to-face interview that included standardized assessment tools and previously used custom written survey items. RESULTS:We interviewed 230 VLBW young adults (71% of survivors) and 69 controls at age 22 to 23 years. VLBW young adults were 5.6 kg lighter and 4.2 cm shorter than controls, had lower rates of tertiary education/ training (percentage difference [95% confidence interval]: 213.1 [221.6 to 21.8]) and university degree completion (215.6 [228.0 to 24.8]), had more often been welfare dependent (23.5 [10.2 to 35.0]), had few or no friends (20.5 [7.2 to 32.2]), and more often had wheeze in the past year (20.1 [9.0 to 28.6]). However, in many areas there were no differences between the VLBW cohort and controls, and VLBW adults rated their overall quality of life and behavioral functioning similarly to their peers. Those with previous disability had poorer social, occupational, and physical functioning than other VLBW young adults.CONCLUSIONS: Despite some evidence of health, educational, and social difficulties, former VLBW young adults obtained similar scores across many aspects of health and social functioning as their same age peers, with some differences largely confined to those with previous disability.

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“…The overall conclusion is that the clinical consequences of being VLBW at 19 years are much greater than for term SGA births and include physical, mental and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence (64)(65)(66). MR imaging and cognitive tests have shown the same pattern (67)(68)(69).…”

Section: Concerted Action With Local Academicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scandinavian Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) pregnancy and birth cohort – A source to continual insight into fetal growth restriction and long term physical and neurodevelopmental health in mother and offspring

Kjøbli¹,

Bach²,

Skogseth³

et al. 2016

Nor J Epidemiol

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Human in utero growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk for perinatal mortality and morbidity among newborns and infants. To pursue this challenge, a Request For Proposals (RFP) was issued in 1983 by The U.S. Epidemiology and Biometry Research Program at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). A consortium was set up at the universities and university hospitals in Trondheim, Bergen (Norway) and Uppsala (Sweden) and was funded by the NICHD to conduct the Scandinavian Successive Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) Pregnancy and Birth Outcome Study. The study design included a comprehensive biobank with maternal and cord serum samples, placental tissue, and a multitude of data collected from interviews, questionnaires, and clinical examinations.The SGA cohort study involved 6,354 Caucasian pregnant women in the three study sites who expected their second or third child from 1986-88. The study women were screened in early second trimester and mothers who had an increased risk to deliver a smaller than expected newborn were followed in detail through the second half of pregnancy and at birth. Selected children were screened several times through their first and up to five years of age. Moreover, a highly selected subgroup in Trondheim has been followed at 14, 19, and 26 years' age.Almost thirty years later, we have searched the body of scientific publications that originated from this cohort study in an attempt to assess if and to what extent the main aims and objectives were achieved and to summarize the overall outcomes. The SGA cohort has resulted in close to 100 published papers in peer reviewed journals and some 40 graduate and undergraduate degrees. Risk factors of SGA, like maternal smoking, low prepregnancy weight and education attainment, and a previous SGA birth outcome were confirmed. Conversely, no totally new and unknown risk factors were identified. Serial ultrasound measures have enabled a distinction between SGA with restricted and normal intrauterine growth, and has further indicated that being born SGA is mainly a problem in combination with IUGR. Further, the consequences of IUGR are more pronounced at adolescence and young adulthood than at five years of age.An increased understanding of the pathogenesis of different categories of growth restriction is essential to recognize and diagnose IUGR properly, and to reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity from SGA. Moreover, SGA is a significant predictor at follow-up of the child. An up to date biobank has ensured the quality of data and biological samples, and has been crucial for the outcome of the entire SGA study. It continues to be a valuable resource in future research.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of preterm birth and fetal growth retardation on cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood

Cited by 115 publications

References 45 publications

Lung Function in Very Low Birth Weight Adults

Lung Function in Very Low Birth Weight Adults

Psychosocial Outcomes of Young Adults Born Very Low Birth Weight

The Scandinavian Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) pregnancy and birth cohort – A source to continual insight into fetal growth restriction and long term physical and neurodevelopmental health in mother and offspring

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