EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS ZINC EXPOSURE ON pH TOLERANCE OF PERIPHYTON COMMUNITIES

Niederlehner, B.R.; Cairns, John

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[743:eopzeo]2.0.co;2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…PLATE 1. Headwaters of the Arkansas River, a metal-polluted stream located near Leadville, Colorado. Although both physiological acclimation and genetic adaptation at the population level have been frequently reported, few studies have examined tolerance at higher levels of biological organization (Blanck and Wangberg 1988, Niederlehner and Cairns 1993, Millward and Grant 1995. The pollution-induced community tolerance model (PICT) has been proposed as both an indicator of disturbance and a tool to investigate tolerance to novel stressors Wangberg 1988, Dahl andBlanck 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Tolerance and Predator–prey Interactions in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Stream Communities

Clements

1999

Ecological Applications

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Predicting responses of benthic communities to contaminants requires an understanding of both direct and indirect effects. I examined the influence of previous exposure to heavy metals on metal tolerance and susceptibility of benthic communities to stonefly predation in experimental streams and field cages. Benthic communities obtained from a reference stream, the Cache la Poudre River (PR), and a metal‐polluted stream, the Arkansas River (AR), in Colorado were exposed to a mixture of Cd, Cu, and Zn at ∼2× the U.S. EPA chronic criterion level (2.2 μg Cd/L, 24 μg Cu/L, and 220 μg Zn/L) for 10 d in stream microcosms. Effects of metals on survival were significantly greater on mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from the unpolluted PR than from the metal‐polluted AR. Metal exposure also significantly increased drift of Rhithrogena hageni, the dominant mayfly in the unpolluted stream but had no effect on invertebrates from the AR. In a second experiment, communities from the two locations were exposed to predatory stoneflies (Claassenia sabulosa) in stream microcosms. Stonefly predation significantly reduced total macroinvertebrate abundance, number of taxa, and abundance of Baetis tricaudatus (Ephemeroptera) and R. hageni. Mayflies from the metal‐polluted AR were also more susceptible to stonefly predation, but these results were probably influenced by differences in initial prey density. Results of caging experiments conducted at PR and AR field sites were consistent with results of laboratory experiments and showed that stonefly predation significantly reduced abundance of B. tricaudatus and R. hageni; however, effects of predation in the AR were relatively weak because of high prey immigration. Results of these experiments suggest that abiotic factors influence the outcome of species interactions in metal‐polluted streams. Ecosystems disturbed by contaminants, particularly those polluted for relatively long periods of time, provide excellent opportunities to study these interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Tolerance and Predator–prey Interactions in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Stream Communities

Clements

1999

Ecological Applications

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“…Studies have examined algal communities pre-exposed to contaminants to determine whether tolerance changes with subsequent exposure. Periphyton communities exposed to arsenate, for example, were less affected by subsequent exposure [21], and communities exposed to zinc changed less under subsequent pH changes [22]. Studies investigating prior exposure to atrazine have been unable to establish more tolerant algal communities or clones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effects of atrazine on tolerance of a benthic diatom

Nelson

Hoagland

Siegfried

1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The effects of prior chronic exposure to atrazine on responses to subsequent acute exposures were investigated using a common benthic diatom. Clonal, axenic cultures of Craticula cuspidata were established from the Platte River (Nebraska) and obtained from a culture collection (unlikely prior exposure to atrazine). All cultures received a chronic 67-d treatment of 1 g/L atrazine, and growth was monitored using fluorometric detection of chlorophyll a. Chronic atrazine exposure significantly reduced growth rate only during the first day of treatment (p ϭ 0.0001); no significant effect was detected throughout the remainder of the 67-d period. Following the chronic treatment, clones were exposed to six atrazine concentrations (83, 188, 402, 860,1,782, and 3,250 g/L) to ascertain whether prior exposure influenced the tolerance of this diatom. Prior chronic exposure had a negative effect on growth following subsequent exposures to higher concentrations. A significant decline in growth was detected on days 7, 9, and 12 between previously exposed and control clones at 83 g/L of atrazine. The lack of increased tolerance in C. cuspidata after a realistic chronic exposure indicates that the levels of atrazine presently found in many lotic systems may inhibit the growth of periphyton during periods of higher pulses of atrazine characteristic of spring runoff events.

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“…However, none of the samples generated were shown to have a toxic effect, even though zinc concentrations were potentially within the range (0.05 mg L À1 to 2.5 mg L À1 ) reported as causing long-term effects on microbenthic communities. [36][37][38] Zinc toxicity is generally associated with the presence of free zinc. The zinc measured here is more likely associated with zinc-based accelerators and activator compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do natural rubber latex condoms pose a risk to aquatic systems?

Lambert

Johnson

Keller

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The presence and potential adverse effects of plastic-polymers in the environment are receiving increasing attention in the popular and scientific press. However, quantifying emissions, exposure and effects of these materials remains a challenge. This paper describes the application of a questionnaire survey to quantify emissions of condom material from the domestic household to the sewage waste stream. Condoms are an important mainstay for birth control and the reduction of sexually transmitted infections. Survey participants were estimated to flush condoms down the toilet 2.96 % of the time, and emissions were calculated as 0.99 mg of condom material per person per day. Using information on screening efficiencies at sewage treatment plants, the questionnaire data was combined with a GISbased water quality model (LF2000-WQX) to predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) in a UK river basin catchment. Annual average PECs of condom material were 0.08-0.2 µg/L, under the model scenario used. To put these PECs into context, rubber latex condom material was degraded in outdoor microcosms. This resulted in the formation of a complex mixture of substances including chemical degradation products and particles in the nano range. The direct effects of the degradation mixture were investigated using two freshwater organisms with different life cycle traits, the water column crustacean Daphnia magna and the sediment-dwelling larval of Chironomus riparius. Ecotoxicity tests investigated both acute and chronic endpoints and were shown to exhibit no toxic effects. This precluded the derivation of a genuine no-effect concentration. Hence, the results suggest that limited risk to invertebrates is associated with latex condom degradation products to the organisms tested.Future studies should extend this risk framework to assess risks of condoms to other taxonomic groups as well as the risks of other polymer materials.

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EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS ZINC EXPOSURE ON pH TOLERANCE OF PERIPHYTON COMMUNITIES

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Metal Tolerance and Predator–prey Interactions in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Stream Communities

Metal Tolerance and Predator–prey Interactions in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Stream Communities

Chronic effects of atrazine on tolerance of a benthic diatom

Do natural rubber latex condoms pose a risk to aquatic systems?

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