Effects of printing conditions on cell distribution within microspheres during inkjet-based bioprinting

Xu, Heqi; Casillas, Jazzmin; Xu, Changxue

doi:10.1063/1.5116371

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The uniformity of the cell distribution is of great importance to the functionality of the 3D bioprinted constructs. Cells are expected to be uniformly distributed both within the cell-laden droplets during printing and the post-printing microspheres [21]. However, due to the density difference between the living cells and the polymer solution, especially within the polymer solution with low density and viscosity, the gravitational force is not fully balanced by the buoyant force, resulting in cell sedimentation and the non-uniformity of the cell distribution within the bioink.…”

Section: And Human Vascular Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cell Concentration Change and Cell Aggregation Due to Cell Sedimentation during Inkjet-Based Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Bioink

Salazar

2022

Machines

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Recently, even though 3D bioprinting has made it possible to fabricate 3D artificial tissues/organs, it still faces several significant challenges such as cell sedimentation and aggregation. As the essential element of 3D bioprinting, bioink is usually composed of biological materials and living cells. Guided by the initially dominant gravitational force, cells sediment, resulting in the non-uniformity of the bioink and the decrease in the printing reliability. This study primarily focuses on the quantification of cell sedimentation-induced cell concentration change and cell aggregation within the bioink reservoir during inkjet-based bioprinting. The major conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) with 0.5% (w/v) sodium alginate, after around 40-min printing time, almost all the cells have sedimented from the top region. The cell concentration at the bottom is measured to be more than doubled after 60-min printing time. On the contrary, due to the slow cell sedimentation velocity with 1.5% and 3% (w/v) sodium alginate, the uniformity of the bioink is still highly maintained after 60-min printing; and (2) more cell aggregates are observed at the bottom with the printing time, and severe cell aggregation phenomenon has been observed at the bottom using 0.5% (w/v) sodium alginate starting from 40-min printing time. With the highest cell concentration 2 × 106 cells/mL, 60.9% of the cells have formed cell aggregates at 40-min printing time. However, cell aggregation is dramatically suppressed by increasing the polymer concentration.

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Section: And Human Vascular Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cell Concentration Change and Cell Aggregation Due to Cell Sedimentation during Inkjet-Based Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Bioink

Salazar

2022

Machines

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“…Droplet-based bioprinting (DBB) use a bioink solution to generate biomaterials droplets and cells in high precision. Droplet-based techniques can be further classified into inkjet bioprinting, microvalve bioprinting and acoustic-dropletejection bioprinting [126][127][128][129]. Droplet-based bioprinting is appropriate for printing microvasculature for high-resolution patterning in the diameter range of 50 − 300 μm (Fig.…”

Section: Gaps and Role Of Bioprinting To Address Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suitability of vascularized spheroids formation has been investigated by several culture methods [166,167]. Despite the development of multiple high-throughput spheroid culture systems, so far they have been used to produce monoculture spheroids [127] or nonvascularized co-cultures [148].…”

Section: Micro-sized Aggregates and Microspheres/ Microbeadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevascularized Micro-/Nano-Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering

et al. 2021

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Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering, a central priority in regenerative medicine, are still scarce; nano- and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering. Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels, which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system. To mimic this microvascular network, specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required. Herein, advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering, including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting, Kenzan, and biogripper approaches, are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano- and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.

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“…The culture medium was replaced every 3 days as required. Prior to usage, cells were detached from the culture flasks by the addition of 0.25% trypsin/EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at 37 °C for 3 min [30]. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min, and the resulting cell pellet was resuspended in the cell culture medium to make the bioink with a cell concentration of 1 × 10 5 cells/ml.…”

Section: Cell Culture and Seedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided cell migration on a graded micropillar substrate

Krishnamoorthy

Zhang

2020

Bio-des. Manuf.

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Cell migration is facilitated by the interaction of living cells and their local microenvironment. The local topography is one of the key factors regulating cell migration. Interaction between the surface topography and the cell behaviors is critical to understanding tissue development and regeneration. In this study, a dynamic mask photolithography technique has been utilized to fabricate a surface with graded micropillars. It has been demonstrated that the cells have been successfully guided to migrate from the sparse zone to the dense zone. The cell polarization angle has been characterized in both sparse zone and the dense zone. Compared to the dense zone, the cells in the sparse zone are more aligned along the direction of the micropillar spacing gradient, which enables the guided cell migration. Moreover, the effects of the micropillar spacing gradient, micropillar diameter, and micropillar height have been investigated in terms of the cell migration speed and cell spreading area. Finally, two issues significantly affecting the cell migration have been discussed: trapped cells between the micropillars and cell clusters.

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Effects of printing conditions on cell distribution within microspheres during inkjet-based bioprinting

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Investigation of Cell Concentration Change and Cell Aggregation Due to Cell Sedimentation during Inkjet-Based Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Bioink

Investigation of Cell Concentration Change and Cell Aggregation Due to Cell Sedimentation during Inkjet-Based Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Bioink

Prevascularized Micro-/Nano-Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Guided cell migration on a graded micropillar substrate

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