Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Arsenic Methylation Metabolism and Efflux in Human Hepatocytes L-02

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidins (PC) on arsenic methylation metabolism and efflux in human hepatocytes (L-02), as well as the relationships between PC and GSH, MRP1 and other molecules. Cells were randomly divided into blank control group, arsenic trioxide exposure group (ATO, As2O3, 25μmol/L), and PC-treated arsenic exposure group (10, 25, 50mg/L). After 24/48h, the contents of different forms of arsenic were determined, and the methylation indexes were calculated. Intracellular S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were ascertained. Changing trends were observed and the correlation between arsenic metabolism and efflux related factors and arsenic metabolites was analyzed. We observed that cells showed increased levels of content/constituent ratio of methyl arsenic, primary/secondary methylation index, methylation growth efficiency/rate, and the difference of methyl arsenic content in cells and culture medium (P<0.05, resp.). Compared with ATO exposure group, the intracellular SAM content in PC-treated group decreased, and the contents of GSH, AS3MT, and MRP1 increased (P<0.05, resp.). There was a positive correlation between the content of intracellular GSH/AS3MT and methyl arsenic. The content of MRP1 was positively correlated with the difference of methyl arsenic content in cell and culture medium; conversely, the SAM content was negatively correlated with intracellular methyl arsenic content (P<0.05, resp.). Taken together, these results prove that PC can promote arsenic methylation metabolism and efflux in L-02 cells, which may be related to the upregulation of GSH, MRP1, and AS3MT levels by PC.

Influencing Trend and Extent of Combined Exposure Levels of Total Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic on Arsenic Methylation Capacity Among University Students: Findings from Bayesian Analysis Using Kernel Machine Regression

“…The percentages of iAs (%iAs), MMA (%MMA) and DMA (%DMA) were de ned as iAs/TAs×100%, MMA/TAs×100% and DMA/TAs×100%, respectively. Two methylation indices, PMI ((MMA + DMA)/TAs) and SMI (DMA/(MMA + DMA)) were also calculated to assess As methylation capacity (Ren and Xu et al 2019).…”