Effects of probiotic fermented milk on management of obesity studied in high-fat-diet induced obese rat model

Abstract

The current study aimed to explore the hypothesis that probiotic bacteria are significantly involved in the control of obesity using Wistar rats as the test group by feeding high fat diets (HFD) induced obesity. A total of four groups of rats were considered viz., normal pellet diet fed (NC), HFD fed (DC), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk with soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) (T1), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk without WPC and SPI (T2). Body weight, abdominal fat weight, liver weight, serum Alanine aminotransferase level, and alkaline phosphatase level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after giving daily probiotic milk product supplementation with @ 2 ml per day for continuous 4 weeks. Whereas, C-reactive protein and Aspartate aminotransferase levels were not altered to a significant extent. The histology of the liver from the disease model group showed large lipid vacuoles deposited in the parenchyma cells. Product T2 confirmed fewer micro vesicular fatty changes and the appearance of T2 was better than T1. Overall, the in vivo study results indicated that the probiotic fermented milk exerted a better anti-obesity effect. Graphical Abstract

Development, quality and safety evaluation of a probiotic whey beverage

“…A monotonous or unbalanced diet can lead to a lack of one or another vitamin, which can subsequently lead to metabolic disorders and the occurrence of various diseases [23][24]. Therefore, it is important to know the average values required for intake with food or in the form of bioactive additives that ensure the ideal execution of the physiological and biochemical activities fixed in the human genotype [25][26].…”

In Vivo Functional Properties of Dairy Bacteria

“…The study by Makwana et al [ 15 ] reported that probiotic fermented milk alone (T1) or enriched with 2% whey proteins and soy proteins (T2) and containing 10 8 –10 9 CFU/mL of lactobacilli could effectively control obesity when administered for 4 weeks to adult male Wistar rats fed with high fat diets (HFD). The fermented milks were prepared with L. helveticus MTCC V3, S. thermophilus MD2, and L. rhamnosus MTCC NS6 isolated from milk and Indian style yogurts.…”

“…Liver sections stained with eosin and hematoxylin for T1 showed fewer and smaller lipid vacuoles. Viable counts of lactobacilli and S. thermophilus in feces during the feeding phase were of the order of 7 Log CFU/mL and increased progressively during the feeding period, indicating that the probiotic lactobacilli stably colonized the intestinal tract [ 15 ].…”

“…Streptococcus thermophilus is a SLAB species well adapted to fermented dairy products and is used as commercial or natural starter in yogurt and different cheese types, among which Grana type cheeses and Pasta Filata cheeses [ 15 , 16 ]. Illikoud et al [ 4 ] summarized the effects of S. thermophilus strain treatment in mice with DSS or trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) induced colitis reporting that S. thermophilus strains prevented and decreased symptom intensity of DSS and TNBS induced colitis, including bodyweight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bacterial translocation into the colonic tissue and to the liver, macroscopic and histologic damage, immune stimulation, and associated inflammation, levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase positive (iNOs + ) cells in the large intestines.…”

Palmitoleic acid‐rich oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 exerts anti‐obesity effects by ameliorating hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy

“…The intracellular and cell wall chemical components of yeast, including peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, cofactors, oligosaccharides and glycoproteins, possess positive immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, yeast may be able to exert bioactive effects like common probiotics as an additive in various industries 2 . Administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2346 hydrolysate to rats demonstrated a dose‐dependent decrease in body weight and fat 3 .…”