Effects of Progesterone, β-Estradiol, and Androsterone on the Changes of Inorganic Element Content in Barley Leaves

Abstract

The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley leaves of mammalian sex hormones (MSH). Barley leaves were sprayed with 10(-4), 10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12), 10(-15) M concentrations of progesterone, β-estradiol, and androsterone at 7th day after sowing. The plants were harvested at the end of 18 days after treatment with MSH solutions. The inorganic element concentrations were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. Although the all MSH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, manganese, aluminum, zinc, iron, potassium, and chlorine, it decreased those of sodium concentration in barley leaves. The maximum changes in the element concentrations were obtained at 10(-9) M for plant leaves treated with progesterone, 10(-6) M for plant leaves treated with β-estradiol and androsterone. The present study elucidated that MSH significantly (p < 0.05) affected the inorganic element concentrations in barley leaves.

Lipoic acid mitigates oxidative stress and recovers metabolic distortions in salt‐stressed wheat seedlings by modulating ion homeostasis, the osmo‐regulator level and antioxidant system

“…LA remarkably increased the Ca content compared to control under stressed and unstressed conditions, whereas salt stress reduced markedly Ca content compared to control. The increase in Ca content has critical important in terms of resistance of plants, because Ca can reduce membrane damages by ensuring stability and continuity of membrane structure . In addition to its protective effect on membranes, Ca has also a pivotal signalling function such as direct inhibitory effect on a Na + entry system and a facilitative effect on K + entry system to maintain higher K + /Na + selectivity in response to salt stress .…”

Uptake and transformation of steroid estrogens as emerging contaminants influence plant development

“…Treatment of plants with steroid estrogens affects root and shoot growth (Hewitt and Hillman, 1980;Guan and Roddick, 1988b), pollination in flowers (Ylstra et al, 1995) and seed germination (Janeczko and Skoczowski, 2011). Interestingly, at the biochemical level, mammalian sex hormones (MSH) significantly improve the inorganic contents of barley, maize, chickpea and beans seeds (Dumlupinar et al, 2011;Erdal and Dumlupinar, 2011a;Erdal et al, 2012), and chlorophyll, carotenoid, sugar, and protein in lentil seed,duckweed, soybean and fennel (Czerpak and Szamrej, 2003b;Dumlupinar et al, 2011;Chaoui and El Ferjani, 2013;Sherafatmandjour et al, 2013).…”

Alleviation of salt stress in wheat seedlings by mammalian sex hormones

“…On the other hand, mammalian sex hormones (MSHs) such as progesterone, β‐estradiol and androsterone, previously known to occur in only animals, are now isolated from various plant species and their tissues and organs; however, they have not been accepted as plant hormones, yet 9–11. These hormones12 are lipophilic and low molecular weight and play a key role in controlling the process of development and reproduction in mammals. Many studies have been carried out regarding their presence, quantities and mechanisms of action since they were first detected in plants.…”

“…In addition, the other study showed that although MSH treatment increased Na content in chickpea seedlings; it increased K and Ca contents and decreased Cl content. These reports are very important for their usability to counteract salt stress because MSHs prevented the change in favour of Na of K/Na and Ca/Na rates 10, 12, 17…”

“…These reports are very important for their usability to counteract salt stress because MSHs prevented the change in favour of Na of K/Na and Ca/Na rates. 10,12,17 These reports suggest that exogenous MSH application may be used to increase the plant resistance to negative environmental conditions. To our knowledge, there is no literature regarding effects of MSHs on growth and resistance of plants exposed to salt stress.…”