Effects of Protein Malnutrition on Visual Curiosity, Manipulation and Social Behavior in the Infant Rhesus Monkey

Zimmermann, Robert R.; Strobel, David A.

doi:10.1037/e463442008-124

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is also apparent that with repeated testing and with continued protein deprivation the experimental animals show a decrease in manipulatory behavior, as measured in this experiment. This is consistent with the observation that, in general, the animals deprived of protein are less active in a variety of nonfood oriented behaviors such as social behavior, visual curiosity, and puzzle solving (Zimmermann & Strobel, 1969). In previous experiments the differences were not always reliable, and may have been influenced by the fact that the observations were taken over limited intervals and in structured situations outside of the living cage environments.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Responsiveness of protein deficient monkeys to manipulative stimuli

Strobel

Zimmermann

1972

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objects never experienced before by 4 groups of monkeys were introduced into a free operant chain manipulation situation. The presence of the objects disrupted the manipulation response rates of 2 groups of animals differing in age and onset of a diet restricted in protein. Age controls receiving higher concentrations of protein in diets isocaloric with respect to the protein restricted diet, showed increased performance to these stimuli. The reinstatement of the chains alone condition resulted in a partial, but temporary recovery, of the manipulation response by low protein animals. This disruption in chain pulling behavior by malnourished monkeys may be similar to neophobic avoidance reactions previously observed in protein deprived monkeys.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Responsiveness of protein deficient monkeys to manipulative stimuli

Strobel

Zimmermann

1972

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These data and those reported earlier by Zimmermann and his colleagues (Zimmermann, 1969;Zimmermann, Geist, Strobel, & Cleveland, 1974;Zimmermann & Strobel, 1969) and ourselves (Hill & Riopelle, 1975) support the view that, in the discrimination situation, a major effect of protein deprivation is a motivational change such that animals develop an inability to tolerate infrequent rewards, even though such rewards may be larger. The immediacy of food and its presence here and now become strong factors in guiding food-related behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Similarly, Zimmermann and Strobel (1969) have reported that the visual curiosity, a form of adventurousness, of protein-deprived monkeys is substantially reduced, and Zimmermann (1969) has found that deprived monkeys thus suppress their usual curiosityevoked stimulus preferences and that this suppression results in improved discrimination performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein deprivation and food-related risk-taking preferences of rhesus monkeys

Hill

Riopelle

King

1983

Animal Learning & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative preferences of four rhesus monkeys for reward probability versus reward amount when they were maintained on a low-protein (3.36%) diet were compared with those demonstrated when they were fed an adequate (13.4%) protein diet. Four stimulus objects, each signifying a different combination of reward frequency and amount (100%-one piece, 60%-2 pieces, 33%-three pieces, or 26%-four pieces), were presented in pairs, one pair per daily session, with trial schedules providing the same amount of reward within each set of 12 trials. Selections of the more frequently rewarded objects, but with lesser amounts per trial, were significantly higher during the low-protein phase than during either the preceding or the following normaldiet phases. Protein deprivation produces a changed motivational state making these animals less tolerant of infrequent or postponed reinforcement.

show abstract

“…Zimrnermann and Strobel (1969) and Strobel and Zimmermann (1972) have regarded chain pulling as a manipulatory response which, together with visual curiosity, puzzle solving, and social interaction, reflects the effects of protein deprivation on nonfood-oriented activity. Further, these investigators and others (Scrimshaw & Gordon, 1968) suggest the possibilities for differential results depending upon the responses that are studied.…”

Section: Diet Groupsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Protein Deprivation in Primates: III. Cage Activities and Chain-Pulling Behavior of Adult Rhesus Monkeys Maintained on Low-Protein Diets

Hill

Riopelle

1974

Percept Mot Skills

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three groups of adult female rhesus monkeys, maintained on low-protein diets (3-gm, I-gm, and 2-gm protein per kg body weight) were compared with a control group (4-gm protein per kg body weight) on a number of spontaneous cage activities and chain-pulling behavior. Although the deprived animals lost body weight and muscle tissue and they became deficient in essential amino acids and plasma albumin, they maintained their normal posture and continued to move about, vocalize, eat, drink, etc., as such monkeys usually do in their home cages. However, several specific behavioral deficiencies were revealed: reduced face and head movements, fewec eye contacts, and less chain pulling. It was concluded that the level of protein deprivation induced i n this study depletes the animals' energy resources and produces a lowered anxiety threshold, so that certain additional behavioral demands cannot be supported even though routine cage activities are not impaired.Many years ago Hitchcock ( 1928) found that consumption of a low-protein diet over a relatively long period of time depressed the general activity of the adult white rat. Since chat time, numerous studies (summarized by Brozek & Vaes, 1961, pp. 74-78; Scrimshaw & Gordon, 1968, pp. 168-250) have generally confirmed these results. Rodents, dogs, and pigs were typically Ss in these investigations and their performance was usually impaired within a variety of experimental situations by diets containing less than 1 4 to 18% protein. Although much of this work employed learning and problem-solving indices of behavioral effects, ic was often observed that the animals were apathetic or sluggish, exhibited low levels of curiosity, or lacked responsiveness, even when errors and/or time were unaffected.More recently, non-human primates have been committed to this research effort with an emphasis on the motivational aspects of behavior, but concerned only with the early (infant and adolescent) period of life (Kerr & Waisman, 1968; Zimrnermann & Strobel, 1969; Strobe1 & Zimrnermann, 1971, 1972. In general, the association of protein deprivation with decreased activity and apathetic behavior was confirmed. I n addition, evidence was obtained for increases in fear and avoidance reactions in response to novel conditions (Strobe1 LQ Zimmermann, 1972 ) . These phenomena still remain to be investigated in the mature primate.The present study was designed to determine the effects of relatively longterm low-protein deprivation on general cage activity and the specific task of

show abstract

Effects of Protein Malnutrition on Visual Curiosity, Manipulation and Social Behavior in the Infant Rhesus Monkey

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Responsiveness of protein deficient monkeys to manipulative stimuli

Responsiveness of protein deficient monkeys to manipulative stimuli

Protein deprivation and food-related risk-taking preferences of rhesus monkeys

Protein Deprivation in Primates: III. Cage Activities and Chain-Pulling Behavior of Adult Rhesus Monkeys Maintained on Low-Protein Diets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About