Effects of public education about breast cancer and breast self-examination

Siero, Sjef; Kok, Gerjo; Pruyn, J.F.A.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(84)90157-6

Cited by 80 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Samples were considered contemplation or preparation if there was a clear indication that they were already preparing to engage in the recommended action (e.g., a sample of women under 50 years old who had not yet received mammograms, but the majority of whom stated they intended to receive mammograms after age 50; Jones & Owen, 2006). Samples were classified into the action/maintenance category if participants had explicitly been engaging in the recommended behavior (e.g., a message promoted breast self-exams and 80% of the sample indicated they already performed breast self-exams regularly; Siero, Kok, & Pruyn, 1984) or if they were recruited from a population that would definitionally be in this stage (e.g., patients receiving treatment in alcohol rehabilitation clinics; Brown, 1979). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…You also run that risk!”; Siero et al, 1984), whereas a message low in depicted susceptibility does not personalize risk (e.g., “One of fourteen women is destined to develop breast cancer during her life.”; Siero et al, 1984). A message high in depicted severity describes the negative consequences of not taking action (e.g., “Breast cancer is a serious disease of which many women die, contrary to, for example, cancer of the uterus, where 90% to 95% recover.”; Siero et al, 1984), whereas a message low in depicted severity portrays manageable consequences (e.g., “If breast cancer is detected at an early stage it can be cured in a number of cases, contrary to, for example, lung cancer where 90% die of it.”; Siero et al, 1984). According to this model, high depicted severity (but not susceptibility) should improve attitudes, whereas high depicted susceptibility (but not severity) should improve intentions and behaviors.…”

Section: The Content Of Fear Appealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories.

Tannenbaum

Hepler

Zimmerman

et al. 2015

Psychological Bulletin

907

608

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Fear appeals are a polarizing issue, with proponents confident in their efficacy and opponents confident that they backfire. We present the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis investigating fear appeals’ effectiveness for influencing attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. We tested predictions from a large number of theories, the majority of which have never been tested meta-analytically until now. Studies were included if they contained a treatment group exposed to a fear appeal, a valid comparison group, a manipulation of depicted fear, a measure of attitudes, intentions, or behaviors concerning the targeted risk or recommended solution, and adequate statistics to calculate effect sizes. The meta-analysis included 127 papers (9% unpublished) yielding 248 independent samples (NTotal = 27,372) collected from diverse populations. Results showed a positive effect of fear appeals on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, with the average effect on a composite index being random-effects trued¯ = 0.29. Moderation analyses based on prominent fear appeal theories showed that the effectiveness of fear appeals increased when the message included efficacy statements, depicted high susceptibility and severity, recommended one-time only (vs. repeated) behaviors, and targeted audiences that included a larger percentage of female message recipients. Overall, we conclude that (a) fear appeals are effective at positively influencing attitude, intentions, and behaviors, (b) there are very few circumstances under which they are not effective, and (c) there are no identified circumstances under which they backfire and lead to undesirable outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Content Of Fear Appealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories.

Tannenbaum

Hepler

Zimmerman

et al. 2015

Psychological Bulletin

907

608

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several investigators have examined health belief concepts and their relationship to BSE practice with inconsistencies reported for some concepts. Some investigators ( Hallal 1982, Champion 1984, Calnan & Rutter 1986, Massey 1986, Champion 1987, Champion 1990, Gray 1990) have found perceived susceptibility to breast cancer to be significantly related to BSE frequency, while others reported no relationship ( Trotta 1980, Howe 1981, Schlueter 1982, Zapka & Mamon 1982, Siero et al . 1984 , Champion 1985, Rutledge 1987).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in breast self‐examination practice and health beliefs

Foxall¹,

Barron

Houfek

1998

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Thirty-two African American nurses (AAN) and 78 Caucasian nurses (CN) were compared on breast self-examination (BSE) practice and health beliefs. Relationships between these variables were also examined. The Health Belief Model provided the framework for the study. The sample is a subset of 269 women from a larger study. AANs were recruited from a professional nurses' group. CNs were recruited from a list of female employees of a university medical centre. The results of t-tests revealed no significant group differences on BSE frequency (P = 0.06) or BSE proficiency (P = 0.10). Noted was that 42% of AANs compared to 20% of CNs examined their breasts 12 or more times during the year. AANs were more likely to consider BSE beneficial (P = 0.002) and to feel confident (P = 0.006) about doing BSE; CNs perceived more barriers (P = 0.001) to BSE. For AANs, BSE frequency and proficiency were positively related to confidence and inversely related to barriers; BSE frequency was also related to health motivation. For CNs, BSE frequency and proficiency were inversely related to seriousness. Implications include additional research to validate findings and to increase the knowledge base of all nurses regarding BSE.

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“…That is its strong bias toward application. This characteristic of the literature is most evident in the topics of the fear appeals themselves which, almost without exception, are concerned with public health issue^.^ Just a few of the consistently researched topics include dental care (Evans, Rozelle, Lasater, Dembroski, & Allen, 1970;ter Horst, Hoogstraten, & de Haan, 1985), diet (Skilbeck, Tulips, & Ley, 1977), smoking (Insko, Arkoff, & Insko, 1965;Rogers & Mewborn, 1976;Schwarz, Servay, & Kumpf, 1985;Sutton 8c Hallet, 1989), breast self-examination (Meyerowitz & Chaiken, 1987;Siero, Kok, & Pruyn, 1984), sexually transmitted diseases (Self & Rogers, 1990), nuclear radiation (Roser & Thompson, 1991), drugs (Horowitz, 1972;Horowitz & Gumenik, 1970), and alcohol use (Kohn, Goodstadt, Cook, Sheppard, & Chan, 1982;Williams, Ward, & Gray, 1985). And, despite the range of topics, there is tremendous uniformity in the suasory structure of the message.…”

Section: Understanding the Changlng Status Of Fearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinkin the Study of Fear Appeals: An Emotional Perspective

Dillard

1994

Commun Theory

125

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A selective review of theories of fear appeals is carried out which concludes that these theories have gradually become divorced from the notion offear. The forces that motivated that separation are examined and a set of arguments are advanced favoring a reunion of fear with a theory of fear appeals. As a means o/ achieving that union, emotion theory is reviewed and a set of axioms extracted. The axiomatic framework is then used to demonstrate how an emotional perspective on fear appeals might shed new light on this area of persuasion. Recommendations are offered for future studies of fear appeals.

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Effects of public education about breast cancer and breast self-examination

Cited by 80 publications

References 11 publications

Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories.

Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories.

Ethnic differences in breast self‐examination practice and health beliefs

Rethinkin the Study of Fear Appeals: An Emotional Perspective

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