Effects of Purified Phytate and Phytate-Rich Bread Upon Metabolism of Zinc, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen in Man

Reinhold, John G.; Lahimgarzadeh, A.; Nasr, Khosrow; Hedayati, Hadi

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91538-9

Cited by 253 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The critical importance of the bioavailability of dietary zinc to zinc nutriture was first shown in experimental animals (39,40,47). Subsequently, others used analysis of plasma zinc to show that foods rich in phytate, fiber, and lignin reduce apparent absorption of zinc (44,48).…”

Section: Zinc Status In the Us Population Zinc Intake In The Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytate, present in grain and vegetable components of the diet, was shown to inhibit zinc absorption. Subsequent research showed that zinc absorption in humans was also impaired by phytate (39)(40)(41)(42). Zinc forms insoluble complexes with phytate at alkaline pH, which are even more insoluble as a calcium-phytate-zinc complex (43).…”

Section: Zinc Status In the Us Population Zinc Intake In The Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current data suggest that meat provides nearly 50% of the zinc in the average US diet, that dairy products provide about 20% and that cereals and legumes provide the remainder (35) ( Table 3). In contrast to omnivores, lacto-ovovegetarians obtain the majority of zinc from cereals (16%), beans and nuts (26%), and milk and eggs (18%) (36).The critical importance of the bioavailability of dietary zinc to zinc nutriture was first shown in experimental animals (39,40,47). Subsequently, others used analysis of plasma zinc to show that foods rich in phytate, fiber, and lignin reduce apparent absorption of zinc (44,48).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Walsh¹,

Sandstead²,

Prasad³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

156

225

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This review critically summarizes the literature on the spectrum of health effects of zinc status, ranging from symptoms of zinc deficiency to excess exposure. Studies on zinc intake are reviewed in relation to optimum requirements as a function of age and sex. Current knowledge on the biochemical properties of zinc which are critical to the essential role of this metal in biological systems is summarized. Dietary and physiological factors influencing the bioavailability and utilization of zinc are considered with special attention to interactions with iron and copper status. The effects of zinc deficiency and toxicity are reviewed with respect to specific organs, immunological and reproductive function, and genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Finally, key questions are identified where research is needed, such as the risks to human health of altered environmental distribution of zinc, assessment of zinc status in humans, effects of zinc status in relation to other essential metals on immune function, reproduction, neurological function, and the cardiovascular system, and mechanistic studies to further elucidate the biological effects of zinc at the molecular level. - There is considerable evidence that zinc deficiency in humans is a serious worldwide problem and outweighs the potential problem of accidental, self-imposed, or environmental exposure to zinc excess. Acute deficiency (1) and chronic deficiency (2) are well-known entities in human populations and are probably much more common than generally recognized. The importance of zinc for human health was first documented in 1963 (3) Telephone (617) (617) 638-4329. E-mail: ctwalsh~bu.edu renal disease, and other chronically debilitating diseases are now known to be predisposing factors for zinc deficiency in humans (4).Zinc deficiency is reflected in clinical syndromes which affect men and women of all ages and all socioeconomic and cultural classes in the United States. It is neither prevalent in any specific area of the United States nor associated with any specific or definitive biochemical marker, which can make its identification difficult and confusing. Its presence is manifested by a wide spectrum of symptoms, from acute, life threatening problems to mild subclinical or marginal disorders which may only vaguely disturb well being. The acute problems are often seen in profoundly ill patients treated in hospitals, whereas subclinical problems may be so vague that patients seek assistance outside traditional medical practice.Based upon clinical data and using traditional, epidemiologic techniques, Henkin and Aamodt (5) have reclassified zinc deficiency into three syndromes; these are a) acute, b) chronic, and c) subacute zinc deficiency. Acute zinc deficiency is relatively uncommon and follows parenteral hyperalimentation or oral L-histidine administration. Chronic zinc deficiency is more common, usually resulting from chronic dietary lack of zinc. Subacute or latent zinc deficiency is the most common of these syndromes. It is estimated that there are 4...

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Section: Zinc Status In the Us Population Zinc Intake In The Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc Status In the Us Population Zinc Intake In The Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Walsh¹,

Sandstead²,

Prasad³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

156

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies and the present study utilized a controlled feeding regimen in which a constant background diet was used. This is important because recent literature indicates that many food constituents (protein, fiber, phosphorus, mag nesium, fat, phytic acid, and oxalic acid) interfere with or at least influence calcium absorption and retention (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Thus, the potential for false results of actual bioavailability of calcium is great if a constant diet is not used when calcium bioavailability comparisons are made.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Bioavailability from Calcium Fortified Food Products.

Kohls

1991

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe calcium balance of 12 presumed healthy human young adult subjects was assessed. Subjects consumed a constant laboratory controlled diet supplemented with one of four calcium-fortified food products: orange juice (OJ), milk (M), experimental pasteurized proc essed cheese (T), soda (S), or a calcium carbonate plus vitamin D tablet (CC). Study length was 6 weeks with seven-day experimental periods (2 days allowed for adjustment with 5-days combined for purposes of analysis). All urine and fecal samples were collected by the subjects for the duration of the study. Blood samples were drawn at the end of each experimental period. Urine and fecal calcium contents were determined. Blood samples were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase. Results of this study indicate a higher fecal calcium content (mg/day) when subjects consumed CC and T, and when subjects consumed self-selected diets, than when given S, M, or OJ. Urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower when subjects consumed OJ than when they consumed M, T, or their self-selected diets. A significantly larger positive calcium balance was demonstrated when subjects consumed OJ as compared to T. Fecal transmit time did not vary significantly. Serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower when subjects consumed T than when they consumed self-selected diets.

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“…McCance and Reinhold reported that fecal P excretion increases and balances become negative when whole-meal bread is consumed (33,34). Other studies have shown that the P balance is not affected by diet (35)(36)(37). Sandberg reported the effect of wheat bran on absorption of minerals by patients with ileostomies (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of brown rice on apparent digestibility and balance of nutrients in young men on low protein diets.

Miyoshi

Okuda

et al. 1987

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effect of brown rice with low protein intake was studied in five healthy young men. Feces were weighed, the digestibility of nutrients was determined, and blood tests were made. Each subject followed a diet consisting mainly of polished rice for 14days and one consisting mainly of brown rice for 8days. Both diets contained 0.5g protein per kg of body weight. The brown rice diet had 3 times as much dietary fiber as the polished rice diet. On the brown rice diet, fecal weight increased, and apparent digestibility of energy, protein, and fat decreased, as did the absorption rates of Na, K, and P. The nitrogen balance was negative on both diets, but more negative on the brown rice diet. The phosphorus balance on the brown rice diet was significantly negative, but other minerals were not affected by the diet. The levels of cholesterol and minerals in the plasma were not significantly different on the polished rice diet and the brown rice diet. Comparing these results with data on standard protein intake (Miyoshi, H. et al. (1986) J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 32, 581-589.), we concluded that brown rice reduced protein digestibility and nitrogen balance. Key Words brown rice, dietary fiber, fecal weight, digestibility of energy, protein and fat, low protein intakeThe role of dietary fiber in nutrition is of interest, because research in epidemiology has shown that dietary fiber is related to the incidence of colon cancer, diverticular disease, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart diseases (1-5). In parti cular, dietary fiber from cereals affects colonic function (6).What fiber is the unpurified fiber most often studied in the laboratory, because 207

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Effects of Purified Phytate and Phytate-Rich Bread Upon Metabolism of Zinc, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen in Man

Cited by 253 publications

References 22 publications

Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Calcium Bioavailability from Calcium Fortified Food Products.

Effects of brown rice on apparent digestibility and balance of nutrients in young men on low protein diets.

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