Effects of Radiation on Hemopoiesis

Lawrence, John S.; Dowdy, Andrew H.; Valentine, William N.

doi:10.1148/51.3.400

Cited by 52 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…12 Results from this line of investigation and the growing understanding of hematopoietic stem cells by Osgood, Lajtha, Fliedner, McCullough, and others provided important foundations for many major advances in hematology and oncology in the 1960s and the years that followed. At the beginning of this era, studies of bone marrow and blood counts after radiation-induced injury or administration of early chemotherapeutic agents, such as nitrogen mustard, suggested that neutrophil precursors have a very high proliferative rate and that mature neutrophils have a short lifespan.…”

Section: Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes) Production and Kimentioning

confidence: 99%

The phagocytes: neutrophils and monocytes

Dale

Boxer

Liles

2008

Blood

598

439

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The production and deployment of phagocytes are central functions of the hematopoietic system. In the 1950s, radioisotopic studies demonstrated the high prodution rate and short lifespan of neutrophils and allowed researchers to follow the monocytes as they moved from the marrow through the blood to become tissue macrophages, histiocytes, and dendritic cells. Subsequently, the discovery of the colony-stimulating factors greatly improved understanding the regulation of phagocyte production.

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Section: Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes) Production and Kimentioning

confidence: 99%

The phagocytes: neutrophils and monocytes

Dale

Boxer

Liles

2008

Blood

598

439

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“…One would not expect cellular proliferation to occur in irradiated rats since a single whole-body dose of 550 roentgens is sufficient to produce cytolysis of lymph follicles, spleen cell degeneration, and cellular destruction in the bone marrow (24). Turpentine was used as an agent to induce severe inflammation at the injection site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a radiometric ear assay for studies of adjuvant arthritis in rats

Gans

Heyner

Orzechowski

1980

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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A radioisotopic method, originally developed for measuring the cellular response in delayed hypersensitivity lesions in mice, has been evaluated in adjuvant arthritic rats. Focal accumulation of 5-iodo-2'-de~xyuridine-'~'I (""IUdR) at a site of antigen challenge (left pinna) was measured and expressed as increased radioactivity in the challenged (left) over the unchallenged (right) ear (L/R ear ratio). Immunologic specificity of the assay was established with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG)-treated arthritic rats. ALG significantly inhibited the "'IUdR L/R ear ratio; normal rabbit globulin had no effect on this parameter. A significant negative correlation was observed between the "'IUdR ear ratios and subjective arthritic scores in established adjuvant disease. Certain characteristics of the " W d R radiometric ear assay in rats were established in several types of experiments: disappearance of the isotope from blood, whole body irradiation studies in turpentine-injected rats, and cyclophosphamide pretreatment in a sheep erythrocyte antigenic system. The results of this study support the utility of the "'IUdR ear assay to quantify cellular accumulation at a site of antigen challenge in adjuvant arthritic rats and possibly other antigenic systems in this species.It is well established that intradermal administration of either Mycobacteria tuberculosis or Myco- Submitted for publication December 28, 1979; accepted February 21, 1980. bacteria butyricum ( M butyricum) in mineral oil into the hindlimb of rats induces an arthropathy known as adjuvant arthritis, with features that resemble rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's disease in humans (1,2). Although the mechanisms involved in adjuvant arthritis induction have not been elucidated, there is some evidence that the syndrome represents a form of cellular hypersensitivity. This conclusion is based on the fact that swelling occurs in noninjected hindlimbs 10 to 14 days after antigen sensitization, and that the disease can be passively transferred to naive rats of the same inbred strain by means of intact lymphoid cells (3-6).Classically, inflammation is evaluated in vivo by indirect means, such as scoring induration and erythema, and measurement of increases in ear or footpad thickness. Skin reactivity to an antigen challenge is difficult to quantify in the rat, and therefore has not been generally used to measure delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in this species. Although measurements of swelling or erythema may also reflect the degree of a DTH response, they do not permit discrimination between the nonspecific inflammation and the cellular component of the response.Several more objective methods have been described for the measurement of delayed hypersensitivity (7-lo), and one technique that allows discrimination between cellular response and nonspecific inflammation under defined conditions is the method developed and characterized in the mouse by Vadas et a1 (10). This radioisotopic assay for determination of DTH in vivo using 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-'z51 ('"I...

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“…Using the slope estimated from equation (2) and the pooled standard deviation of the log lymphocyte count for 0-950 rads on days 2, 3 and 4 (0.157 for 343 mice at 9 dose levels), A is found to be approximately 66 rads for doses up to about 550 rads. In the lethal range the value of increases rapidly, however, so that it soon becomes impossible to distinguish between doses by means of lymphocyte counts.…”

Section: Results a Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suter ( 1) and Lawrence et al (2) have published extensive data for the rat, Jacobson et aZ. Suter ( 1) and Lawrence et al (2) have published extensive data for the rat, Jacobson et aZ.…”

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confidence: 99%