Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain

Hu, Cuicui; Zuo, Houjuan; Li, Yang

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The brain is recognized as being one of the target organs that are sensitive to EMR. Numerous studies have shown that EMR can cause cognitive impairment in the brain under certain conditions (Shahin et al, 2018;Narayanan et al, 2019;Gökçek-Saraç et al, 2021;Hu et al, 2021;Tan et al, 2021). There are few studies regarding the effects of EMPs on behavior and nerves, and further investigations are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain is considered to be sensitive to EMR, as many studies have reported the damaging effects of EMR on the brain (Shahin et al, 2018;Narayanan et al, 2019;Gökçek-Saraç et al, 2021;Hu et al, 2021;Tan et al, 2021). Learning and memory are the basis of brain cognitive function.…”

Section: Emps Impaired the Spatial Learning And Memory Ability In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain is recognized as a target organ sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR; Shahin et al, 2018;Narayanan et al, 2019;Gökçek-Saraç et al, 2021;Hu et al, 2021;Tan et al, 2021). The toxic effects of EMR are often classified as thermal or nonthermal effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Power Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure of Healthy Mice: Assessment of Effects on Mice Cognitions, Neuronal Activities, and Hippocampal Structures

Hao

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a high-energy pulse with an extremely rapid rise time and a broad bandwidth. The brain is a target organ sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the biological effects and related mechanisms of EMPs on the brain remain unclear. The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of EMP exposure on mouse cognitions, and the neuronal calcium activities in vivo under different cases of real-time exposure and post exposure. EMP-treated animal model was established by exposing male adult C57BL/6N mice to 300 kV/m EMPs. First, the effects of EMPs on the cognitions, including the spatial learning and memory, avoidance learning and memory, novelty-seeking behavior, and anxiety, were assessed by multiple behavioral experiments. Then, the changes in the neuronal activities of the hippocampal CA1 area in vivo were detected by fiber photometry in both cases of during real-time EMP radiation and post-exposure. Finally, the structures of neurons in hippocampi were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. We found that EMPs under this condition caused a decline in the spatial learning and memory ability in mice, but no effects on the avoidance learning and memory, novelty-seeking behavior, and anxiety. The neuron activities of hippocampal CA1 were disturbed by EMP exposure, which were inhibited during EMP exposure, but activated immediately after exposure end. Additionally, the CA1 neuron activities, when mice entered the central area in an Open field (OF) test or explored the novelty in a Novel object exploration (NOE) test, were inhibited on day 1 and day 7 after radiation. Besides, damaged structures in hippocampal neurons were observed after EMP radiation. In conclusion, EMP radiation impaired the spatial learning and memory ability and disturbed the neuronal activities in hippocampal CA1 in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emps Impaired the Spatial Learning And Memory Ability In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Power Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure of Healthy Mice: Assessment of Effects on Mice Cognitions, Neuronal Activities, and Hippocampal Structures

Hao

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…This not only has an impact on the performance of sensors but can also cause damage to human health through electromagnetic radiation. Longer exposure to electromagnetic radiation can result in adverse reactions in the central nervous system which can lead to cognitive impairment and pose a higher risk of brain tumours [178]. There are some beneficial effects of short-term exposure to microwave radiation, it can improve cognitive functions, short-term memory loss and attention disorder [179].…”

Section: G Mitigation Of Near-body Effects On Portable Sensor Systems...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2022

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The strong association between hearing loss and cognitive decline has developed into a major health challenge that calls for early detection, diagnosis and prevention. Hearing loss usually results in severe health implications that include loss of mobility, communication problems and cognitive decline. This study provides an overview of the effects of hearing loss on cognition and progressive neurological disorders with a discussion on the future scope of microwave portable technologies in care homes arrangement. Moreover, the efficacy of hearing aids in reversing cognitive decline and dementia has been investigated. The interconnection between hearing loss, cognitive load and neurodegeneration is also explored. Furthermore, this study looks into the prospects of using portable microwave sensors for the detection and monitoring of cognitive load. For early detection of dementia, this study proposes the integration of microwave sensors with hearing aid devices. Implications and design challenges of portable antenna systems for neurodegeneration detection have also been considered. Future improvement areas regarding robust analysis and diagnosis, system accuracy and security, user-centricity and device privacy for a broader clinical implementation are also discussed.

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“…The precise mechanisms by which microwaves affect the biological system remain largely unknown due to differing equipment and inadequate techniques, bringing uncertainty into the available data. Despite this, many hypotheses have been generated to describe the possible mechanisms of the biological effects of microwaves [ 34 ]. An overview of these mechanisms is shown in Figure 2 , whereas the most common mechanism is shown in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

Mumtaz

Rana

Choi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.

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Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain

Cited by 72 publications

References 117 publications

High-Power Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure of Healthy Mice: Assessment of Effects on Mice Cognitions, Neuronal Activities, and Hippocampal Structures

High-Power Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure of Healthy Mice: Assessment of Effects on Mice Cognitions, Neuronal Activities, and Hippocampal Structures

Next Generation Cognition-Aware Hearing Aid Devices With Microwave Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges

Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

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