Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Kim, Sun Young; Seo, Seok Kyo; Choi, Young Mi; Jeon, Young Eun; Lim, Kyung Jin; Cho, SiHyun; Choi, Young Sik; Lee, Byung Seok

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182325e4b

Cited by 68 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…MCF-7 cells, however, estrogenic activity of KRG was not manifested in vivo study such as female Sprague–Dawley rats [13]. In human (women), KRG showed improvements in the Kupperman index and in the menopause rating scale scores [14]. Taken together, we can suspect effects of KRG on female reproduction or gynecological complaints via phytoestrogenic structures or characteristics of triterpenoid saponins in KRG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety

Yang

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundKorean red ginseng (KRG) is a processed ginseng from raw ginseng to enhance safety, preservation and efficacy, known having beneficial effects on women’s health due to its estrogen like function. While estrogen supplementation showed some modulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) has been focused as a potential endocrine disrupting chemical. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety outcomes of KRG against BPA, focusing on female quality of life (QOL). Individual variations in susceptibility to KRG were also investigated with the Sasang Typology, the personalized medicine used for hundred years in Korea.MethodsWe performed a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Study subjects were young women (N = 22), consumed 2.7 g of KRG or placebo per day for 2 weeks and filled up questionnaires regarding gynecologic complaints at the 4 time spots. We analyzed urinary total BPA and malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker, with GC/MS and HPLC/UVD respectively, and diagnosed their Sasang Typology with the questionnaire for the Sasang constitution Classification (QSCC II).ResultsKRG consumption decreased urinary BPA and MDA levels (ps < 0.05) and alleviated ‘menstrual irregularity’, ‘menstrual pain’, and ‘constipation’ (ps < 0.05). SoEum type (Lesser Yin person) among the Sasang types showed significant alleviation in insomnia, flushing, perspiration and appetite by KRG consumption, rather than other Sasang types. During the intervention, no one experienced any aggravated side effects.ConclusionWe suggest KRG is efficient for protection for female QOL and BPA- exposure and – related oxidative stress. However, individual variation in susceptibility to KRG should be further considered for identifying ideal therapy.Trial registrationKCT0000920.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety

Yang

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Several evidence suggests that nutrition is very important for decreasing CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women, and phytochemical agents found in herbs and plants can be beneficial effect [20-22]. Garlic has been used to treat hypertension, coronary diseases, and CVD, in adult since ancient times [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent beneficial effects of aged garlic extract intake with regular exercise on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women

et al. 2012

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The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of a 12 weeks aged garlic extract (AGE) regimen with regular exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in postmenopausal women. A total of 30 postmenopausal women (54.4 ± 5.4 years) were randomly divided into the following four groups: Placebo (Placebo; n = 6), AGE intake (AGEI; n = 8), exercise and placebo (Ex + Placebo; n = 8), exercise and AGE (Ex + AGE; n = 8) groups. The AGE group consume 80 mg per day, and exercise groups performed moderate exercise (aerobic and resistance) three times per week. After 12 weeks of treatment, body composition, lipid profile, and CVD risk factors were analyzed. Body weight was significantly decreased in AGEI, Ex + Placebo, and Ex + AGE groups compared to baseline. Body fat % was significantly decreased in the AGEI and Ex + Placebo groups. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly decreased in the AGEI, Ex + Placebo, and Ex + AGE groups. Fat-free mass was significantly decreased in the AGEI group. Total cholesterol (TC) was significantly lower in the Ex + Placebo compared to the Placebo group. AGE supplementation or exercise effectively reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Triglyceride (TG) was significantly increased in the AGEI group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the AGEI, Ex + Placebo, and Ex + AGE compared to the placebo group. AGE supplementation reduced homocysteine levels regardless of whether the women also exercised. The present results suggest that AGE supplementation reduces cardiovascular risk factors independently of exercise in postmenopausal women.

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“…One systematic review suggested that the evidence on efficacy of ginseng for managing menopausal symptoms was limited [89]. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were included in the review, tested the efficacy of KRG compared with placebo, and their results showed superior effects of KRG on sexual arousal and global health [90], [91], [92]. Another trial reported favorable effects of ginseng supplements on well-being and depression as compared with placebo [93].…”

Section: Effects On Erα and Erβmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors

Park

Song

Kim

et al. 2017

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Ginseng has been used in China for at least two millennia and is now popular in over 35 countries. It is one of the world's popular herbs for complementary and alternative medicine and has been shown to have helpful effects on cognition and blood circulation, as well as anti-aging, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects, among many others. The pharmacological activities of ginseng are dependent mainly on ginsenosides. Ginsenosides have a cholesterol-like four trans-ring steroid skeleton with a variety of sugar moieties. Nuclear receptors are one of the most important molecular targets of ginseng, and reports have shown that members of the nuclear receptor superfamily are regulated by a variety of ginsenosides. Here, we review the published literature on the effects of ginseng and its constituents on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors. Furthermore, we discuss applications for sex steroid hormone receptor modulation and their therapeutic efficacy.

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Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Abstract: RG could be an attractive herbal dietary supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms and conferring favorable effects on markers of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety

Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax Ginseng Meyer) on bisphenol A exposure and gynecologic complaints: single blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety

Independent beneficial effects of aged garlic extract intake with regular exercise on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women

Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors

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