Effects of repetition on age differences in associative recognition

Ocker, Jeffrey C. Van; Light, Leah L.; Olfman, Darlene; Rivera, Jason

doi:10.1080/09658211.2016.1177089

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The associative REM model of Criss and Shiffrin (2005) appears to do well in capturing age differences in the effects of pair repetition on associative recognition. Although Overman and Becker (2009) found virtually no benefit of pair repetition for older adults in their experiment, other studies that have used a greater number of repetitions per pair have found some benefit of pair repetition in older adults (Kilb & Naveh-Benjamin, 2011;Light, Patterson, Chung, & Healy, 2004;Van Ocker, Light, Olfman, & Rivera, 2017). Can the associative REM model similarly use reduced feature diagnosticity to describe age differences in an experiment with additional pair repetitions?…”

Section: Effects Of Multiple Repetitionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Modeling age differences in effects of pair repetition and proactive interference using a single parameter.

Stephens¹,

Overman²

2018

Psychology and Aging

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In this article, we apply the REM model (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) to age differences in associative memory. Using Criss and Shiffrin's (2005) associative version of REM, we show that in a task with pairs repeated across 2 study lists, older adults' reduced benefit of pair repetition can be produced by a general reduction in the diagnosticity of information stored in memory. This reduction can be modeled similarly well by reducing the overall distinctiveness of memory features, or by reducing the accuracy of memory encoding. We report a new experiment in which pairs are repeated across 3 study lists and extend the model accordingly. Finally, we extend the model to previously reported data using the same task paradigm, in which the use of a high-association strategy introduced proactive interference effects in young adults but not older adults. Reducing the diagnosticity of information in memory also reduces the proactive interference effect. Taken together, the modeling and empirical results reported here are consistent with the claim that some age differences that appear to be specific to associative information can be produced via general degradation of information stored in memory. The REM model provides a useful framework for examining age differences in memory as well as harmonizing seemingly conflicting prior modeling approaches for the associative deficit. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Effects Of Multiple Repetitionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Modeling age differences in effects of pair repetition and proactive interference using a single parameter.

Stephens¹,

Overman²

2018

Psychology and Aging

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“…Among memory deficits, episodic memory performance undergoes the most pronounced changes with increasing age (Souchay et al, 2000; Daselaar et al, 2003; Kramer et al, 2003; Nilsson, 2003; Salthouse, 2016). Concerning memory processes, literature suggests that the most drastic deterioration occurs in recall (Hultsch, 1969; Petersen et al, 1992; Hertzog et al, 2010), whereas recognition is only moderately affected (Jacoby, 1999; Ratcliff et al, 2004; Spaniol et al, 2006; Van Ocker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday Memory in Healthy Aging: Porous but Not Distorted

Sejunaite

Lanza

Riepe

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Most studies targeting age-association of memory functions report a decline in recognition hits and an increase in false alarms. The goal of the present study was to assess these findings in tasks with day-to-day relevance. We investigated healthy young (YA; age 26.90 ± 3.55 years) and old (OA; age 69.80 ± 5.85 years) adults. Participants were asked to watch six news and six commercials and complete a recognition task relating to the information presented in the videos. OA had a lower hit rate in both news and commercials compared to YA. However, the number of false alarms (FA) was the same in both age groups. Applying signal detection theory, we found age differences in discriminability for both news and commercials paradigm. The groups showed no differences in bias and both chose a liberal answering tendency. We interpret our finding as a result of complex recognition items in an ecologically valid task. Multi-feature items offer an advantage in correct rejection—it is enough to know that at least one feature of an item is false. This benefit does not extend to hits, where all features of an item need to be recognized. This indicates that recognition memory of naturalistic stimuli in OA is porous, but not distorted.

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Metamemory and Cognitive Aging

Hertzog¹,

Curley²

2018

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology

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Metamemory is defined as cognitions about memory and related processes. Related terms in the literature include metacognition, self-evaluation, memory self-efficacy, executive function, self-regulation, cognitive control, and strategic behavior. Metamemory is a multidimensional construct that includes knowledge about how memory works, beliefs about memory (including beliefs about one’s own memory such as memory self-efficacy), monitoring of memory and related processes and products, and metacognitive control, in which adaptive changes in processing approaches and strategies may be contemplated if monitoring of memory processes (encoding, retention, retrieval) indicates that alternative strategies may be required. Older adults generally believe that their memory has declined and that, on average, they have less control over memory and lower memory self-efficacy than young and middle-aged adults. Many but not all aspects of online memory monitoring are well preserved in old age, such as the ability to discriminate between information that has been learned versus not learned. A major exception concerns confidence judgments concerning whether recognition memory decisions are correct; older adults are more prone to high-confidence memory errors, believing they are recognizing something they have not encountered previously. The evidence regarding metacognitive control is more mixed, with some hints that older adults do not use monitoring to adjust control behaviors (e.g., devoting more time and effort to studying items they believe have not yet been well-learned). However, any age deficits in self-regulation based on memory monitoring or adaptive strategy use can probably be addressed through instructions, practice, or training. In general, older adults seem capable of exerting metacognitive control in memory studies, although they may not necessarily do so without explicit support or prompting.

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Effects of repetition on age differences in associative recognition

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Modeling age differences in effects of pair repetition and proactive interference using a single parameter.

Modeling age differences in effects of pair repetition and proactive interference using a single parameter.

Everyday Memory in Healthy Aging: Porous but Not Distorted

Metamemory and Cognitive Aging

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