“…Plant protein origins have advantages in price, stable supply, and nutritional composition (Daniel, 2018;Gatlin et al, 2007). A wide range of plant protein ingredients such as soybean (Murashita et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2018), corn gluten (Gerile & Pirhonen, 2017), corn-protein concentrate (Ng, Leow, & Yossa, 2019), wheat gluten (Monge-Ortiz et al, 2016), rapeseed (Dossou et al, 2018), peas (Nogales-Mérida, Tomás-Vidal, Moñino-López, Jover-Cerdá, & Martínez-Llorens, 2016), canola (Thiessen, Maenz, Newkirk, Classen, & Drew, 2004), cottonseed (Pham et al, 2008;Pham, Lee, Lim, & Park, 2007), and rice distillers' dried grain (Bae, Kim, & Lee, 2015) have been explored as FM alternatives in aquafeed. However, the presence of antinutritional factors or nutritional imbalance in the plant proteins that might negatively affect fish growth, gut microbiota composition, immune response, and survivability (Desai et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2019).…”