Effects of resistance and balance exercises for athletic ability and quality of life in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Abstract

PurposeThis study aimed to use meta-analysis to determine the impact of resistance and balance training on athletic ability and quality of life for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).MethodsThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. The PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Embase, and CNKI databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to September 2022. The search strategy was related to the intervention measures, population, and results, and was structured around the search terms: “Exercise,” “Osteoporotic vertebral fracture,” and “activities of function.” Two reviewers strictly implemented the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subgroup analyzes of age and training duration were performed for the main outcomes.ResultsWe included 12 RCTs (n = 1,289) of resistance and balance training in patients with OVF. Compared with controls, the intervention group showed improvements on the Quality of Life Questionnaire issued by the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, visual analog pain scale, Timed Up and Go, falls efficacy scale international (FES-I), kyphosis, and functional reach. On subgroup analysis, the effect was more significant when training continued >10 weeks.ConclusionResistance and balance exercise training improved function and balance, and reduced fall risk in patients with OVF. We recommend resistance and balance training for at least 10 weeks. Future multicenter, large sample trials are needed for more reliable conclusions.

A Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects of Using Smartphone- and Tablet-Based Rehabilitation Technology for Balance and Gait Training and Exercise Programs

“…Studies were included if they: (1) were published in English, peer-reviewed, and full-text accessible; (2) clinically evaluated improvement of balance and/or gait performance; (3) provided telerehabilitation or in-home balance and/or gait exercises; (4) used smartphone-or tablet-based technology with or without additional sensors for telerehabilitation or in-home use; (5) had experimental protocols for more than four weeks based on the recommended period for gait and gait rehabilitation [30][31][32][33][34]; and (6) had participants with balance and/or gait impairments caused by age, diseases, or clinical conditions.…”

“…A few review articles have documented recent efforts to build smartphone-based telerehabilitation technology to improve balance and gait performance, which typically covers design, development, and preliminary assessment in a laboratory setting [27][28][29]. However, these review articles have not examined the effects of long-term use of smartphone-based telerehabilitation, although multiple review articles have suggested balance and gait exercises for at least four weeks to improve performance in various populations (e.g., older adults and individuals with musculoskeletal injuries and neurological disorders) [30][31][32][33][34]. Furthermore, no systematic review has examined sustained improvement, performance retention, and potential carry-over effects of long-term smartphone-or tablet-based balance and gait telerehabilitation.…”

The effectiveness of virtual reality exercise games on balance functions and fear of falling in women with osteoporosis

“…Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated the positive impact of exercise modalities, as non-pharmacological approaches, on bone density in postmenopausal women. Exercises play a crucial role in reducing bone density loss by maintaining both cortical and trabecular bone density [ 5 ]. Specifically, balance exercises, by stimulating proprioceptive receptors and enhancing reaction times, are pivotal in preventing falls [ 3 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Specifically, balance exercises, by stimulating proprioceptive receptors and enhancing reaction times, are pivotal in preventing falls [ 3 , 6 , 7 ]. Physical exercise proves to be a cost-effective approach, providing favourable effects on fall risk and bone strength without significant adverse effects [ 5 ].…”