Effects of Resistance Training and Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Korean Adolescents: A Controlled Randomized Trial

Abstract

Background: Data on the impact of resistance training on insulin resistance in overweight or obese children are inconclusive. Methods: Thirty overweight South Korean adolescents (mean age of 13.10 years) were divided by sex, and then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, which were the diet only (DO), diet with aerobic exercise (AE), or diet with resistance training (RT) group. Physiologic and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training and diet modification. Results: Both exercise groups (aerobic and resistance) showed significant improvements in their insulin area under the curve and insulin sensitivity index values when compared to their baseline values while the DO group showed no significant changes in these variables. Age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted intergroup comparison analyses showed a marked reduction in BMI and a significant reduction in muscle mass in the AE group when compared to the RT group and the DO group, respectively. Conclusion: A 12-week exercise training program of either resistance or aerobic activity improved insulin sensitivity in overweight adolescents, although it failed to show superiority over a DO program. Aerobic exercise decreased both body weight and BMI, and it was noted that this group also had a significant reduction in muscle mass when compared to the DO group.

Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

“…Eleven studies did not provide pubertal status in ausableformforouranalysisbecause:(1) it was not reported at all 23,24,26,27,[38][39][40]53 ; (2) it was reported in a range of stages 34 ; or (3) it was reported for the entire sample. 22 Fail Safe-N The number of unpublished or unretrieved null effects that would diminish the significance of observed effects to P , .05 was estimated as the fixed effects fail-safe N. A fail-safe N 1 represents the relative sample size of 1 additional effect that would be needed to lower the average ES to a nonsignificant value.…”

“…Eleven studies did not provide pubertal status in ausableformforouranalysisbecause:(1) it was not reported at all 23,24,26,27,[38][39][40]53 ; (2) it was reported in a range of stages 34 ; or (3) it was reported for the entire sample. 22,32 The initial regression model based on baseline BMI (k = 28) was significant (R 2 = 0.15, b = 0.38, z = 2.25, P , .05).…”

“…Two effects could be calculated when information was reported for multiple demographic groups, 32 disease populations, 31 training intensities, 23 session durations, 33 or training modes within a single study. 26,40,50,51 Six of the 15 effects examining IR were gathered studies providing multiple effects. 31,32,40 Rater Agreement Two-way (effects 3 raters) intraclass correlation coefficients for absolute agreement were calculated to examine interrater reliability for fasting insulin and IR ES.…”

“…A flowchart of study selection is provided in Fig 1. Manual searches revealed 5 additional publications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Six articles reported fasting insulin measurements as median and interquartile range (25th-75th percentile), reported data in change scores from baseline, or did not report either premeasurement or postmeasurement data. A request for missing data was sent to each of the corresponding authors.…”

Resistance Training Effects on Metabolic Function Among Youth: A Systematic Review

“…Ages across studies ranged from 10.9 – 19 yrs (mean 12.2–16.9 yrs). Although most studies were limited to high school aged adolescents (2, 8–11, 16, 18, 33, 35), some studies were conducted in middle school aged children, (6, 37) or included broader age ranges of youth (21, 22). The majority of studies included both males and females, but five studies were limited to a single sex (N=2 female only (10, 22); N=3 male only (18, 21, 33)).…”