Effects of resistance training on fast- and slow-twitch muscles in rats

Seene, Teet; Pehme, Ando; Alev, Karin; Kaasik, Priit; Umnova, M. M.; Aru, Maire

doi:10.5604/20831862.919347

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Both methods cause changes in the muscle, but the molecular signaling pathways seem to be different. 26,49 Compensatory hypertrophy due to the ablation of synergists and tenotomy differ in terms of phases. The former has two distinct phases: an inflammatory phase, followed by the response of the muscle to the demand for a functional increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of the synergist muscle ablation model for compensatory hypertrophy

Terena

Fernandes

Bussadori

et al. 2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Objective:The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental synergists muscle ablation model to promote muscle hypertrophy, determine the period of greatest hypertrophy and its influence on muscle fiber types and determine differences in bilateral and unilateral removal to reduce the number of animals used in this model. Method: Following the application of the eligibility criteria for the mechanical overload of the plantar muscle in rats, nineteen papers were included in the review. Results:The results reveal a greatest hypertrophy occurring between days 12 and 15, and based on the findings, synergist muscle ablation is an efficient model for achieving rapid hypertrophy and the contralateral limb can be used as there was no difference between unilateral and bilateral surgery, which reduces the number of animals used in this model. Conclusion: This model differs from other overload models (exercise and training) regarding the characteristics involved in the hypertrophy process (acute) and result in a chronic muscle adaptation with selective regulation and modification of fast-twitch fibers in skeletal muscle. This is an efficient and rapid model for compensatory hypertrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-four papers were review articles; 7,9, eight studies used a model other than the ablation of synergists to cause hypertrophy; [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] and six were in vitro studies. [51][52][53][54][55][56] All these studies were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the synergist muscle ablation model for compensatory hypertrophy

Terena

Fernandes

Bussadori

et al. 2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…The hypertrophy response to RT is related to the activation of Sc in the early stage of training [55]. RT causes fiber hypertrophy in two ways: damged fibers regenerate as a result of the fusion with Sc [84] as it is proved by the incorporation of 3H thymidine into the nucleus of the muscle fiber [85], and via Sc activation under the basal lamina, devision and after that myosymplasts fuse with each other and form myotubes [86]. RT also causes other morphological adaptations, such as hyperplasia, changes in muscle fine architecture, in myofilament density and in the structures of connective tissue [55].…”

Section: Effect Of Resistance Training On the Muscle Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery from RT, during which the power of exercise increases less than 5% per session, causes hypertrophy of both FT and ST muscle fibres and an increase in the myonuclear number. This is achieved via Sc fusion with damaged fibres or the formation process of new muscle fibres as a result of myoblasts' fusion in order to maintain myonuclear domain size [85]. RT increases the level of IGF-I and mechano-growth factor (MGF) in skeletal muscle and these factors support faster recovery of muscle tissue [37].…”

Section: Effect Of Resistance Training On the Muscle Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Effect of Exercise

Seene¹,

Kaasik²

2015

AAR

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Aim of the present short review is to provide a comprehensive update on age-associated skeletal muscle damage, regeneration, and effect of endurance and resistance type of exercise training on muscle regeneration. Decrease in muscle quantity and quality leads to disability in the aging population. The degradation rate of muscle proteins during aging increased about two times, and muscle strength and motor activity decreased at the same time. Aging induced sarcopenia is a result of decreased synthesis and increased degradation of muscle proteins, which leads to the slower turnover rate of these proteins, especially contractile proteins, and this, in turn, leads to the decrease in muscle strength. Muscle damage is mainly caused by excessive strain in contracting fibre and aging muscle is particularly sensitive to it. The decreased synthesis and increased degradation rate of contractile proteins are in accordance with the increase destructive processes in muscle and lead to the decrease in the regeneration capacity and development of sarcopenia in the elderly. Exercise training increases muscle mass, oxidative capacity, contracile quality, regeneration capacity and via this, physiological functioning of skeletal muscle is improved in the elderly.

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“…First, damaged mature fibres regenerate as a result of the fusion with Sc [36]. It is proved by the incorporation of 3 H thymidine into the nucleus of the muscle fibre [37]. As 3 H thymidine is not incorporated into the nucleus of a mature muscle fibre, the only option for incorporation is via Sc (Figure 2).…”

Section: Response To Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle damage and regeneration: Response to exercise training

Seene¹,

Kaasik²

2013

Health

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Exercise training influences the function of skeletal muscle, modifying fibre structure, metabolism and promoting the release of growth factors and other signalling molecules. The number of satellite cells under the basal lamina of type I and type IIA muscle fibres increases during endurance training and under the basal lamina of both type II fibres during resistance training. An increase in satellite cells is related to several factors expressing different genes and type II muscle fibre hypertrophy. Insulin-like growth factor-I has a role in the hypertrophy of muscle fibres through the stimulation of the differentiation of satellite cells. The increased mitochondrial biogenesis via adenosine myophosphateactivated protein kinase is accompanied by the suppression of myofibrillar protein synthesis through pathways mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor kappa B. Insulin-like growth factor-I expression is higher in type I fibres. Myostatin, the expression inhibitor of muscle hypertrophy, is higher in type II fibres. The proteasome-, lysosome-and Ca 2+-mediated protein degradation is more intensive in fibres with higher oxidative capacity. Both, oxidative capacity and satellite cells number in muscle fibres play important roles in skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we explore the regeneration capacity changes in different types of skeletal muscle fibres in response to resistance, endurance and overtraining.

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Effects of resistance training on fast- and slow-twitch muscles in rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Systematic review of the synergist muscle ablation model for compensatory hypertrophy

Systematic review of the synergist muscle ablation model for compensatory hypertrophy

Age-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Effect of Exercise

Muscle damage and regeneration: Response to exercise training

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