Effects of resistance training on insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding proteins

Borst, Stephen E.; Hoyos, Diego V. De; Garzarella, L.; Vincent, Kevin R.; Pollock, Brad H.; Löwenthal, David; Pollock, Michael L.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00021

Cited by 184 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some research has reported up-regulated IGF-1 responses to acute bouts of lowintensity BFR resistance exercise [18] and to high-frequency BFR training (twice daily) [24], which are similar in magnitude to typical responses following highintensity resistance training without BFR [59,60]. However, despite noting enhanced GH responses following low-intensity (20% 1RM) resistance exercise with BFR, neither Fujita et al [51] or Patterson et al [55] observed concomitant increases in IGF-1.…”

Section: Hormonal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

et al. 2014

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It is generally believed that optimal hypertrophic and strength gains are induced through moderate-or high-intensity resistance training, equivalent at least 60% of an individual's 1-repetition maximum (1RM). However, recent evidence suggests that similar adaptations are facilitated when low-intensity resistance exercise (~20-50% 1RM) is combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the working muscles. Although the mechanisms underpinning these responses are not yet firmly established, it appears that localized hypoxia created by BFR may provide an anabolic stimulus by enhancing the metabolic and endocrine response, and increase cellular swelling and signalling function following resistance exercise. Moreover, BFR has also been demonstrated to increase type II muscle fibre recruitment during exercise.However, inappropriate implementation of BFR can result in detrimental effects, including petechial haemorrhage and dizziness. Further, as BFR is limited to the limbs, the muscles of the trunk are unable to be trained under localized hypoxia. More recently, the use of systemic hypoxia via hypoxic chambers and devices has been investigated as a novel way to stimulate similar physiological responses to resistance training as BFR techniques. While little evidence is available, reports indicate that beneficial adaptations, similar to those induced by BFR, are possible using these methods. The use of systemic hypoxia allows large groups to train concurrently within a hypoxic chamber using multi-joint exercises. However, further scientific research is required to fully understand the mechanisms that cause augmented muscular changes during resistance exercise with a localized or systemic hypoxic stimulus.3

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Section: Hormonal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

et al. 2014

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“…Although a number of studies have explored the topic, the adequate volume to induce muscle hypertrophy and strength development in young subjects remains controversial (Bottaro et al 2011;Hass et al 2000;Krieger 2010;Kraemer et al 2000;Borst et al 2001). Also, the optimal volume for older people appears unknown and has received little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

Radaelli

Botton

Wilhelm

et al. 2014

AGE

109

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This study investigated the effects of low-and high-volume strength trainings on neuromuscular adaptations of lower-and upper-body muscles in older women after 6 weeks (6WE), 13 weeks (13WE), and 20 weeks (20WE) of training. Healthy older women were assigned to low-volume (LV) or high-volume (HV) training groups. The LV group performed one set of each exercise, while the HV group performed three sets, 2 days/ week. Knee extension and elbow flexion one-repetition maximum (1-RM), maximal isometric strength, maximal muscle activation, and muscle thickness (MT) of the lower-and upper-body muscles, as well as lower-body muscle quality (MQ) obtained by ultrasonography, were evaluated. Knee extension and elbow flexion 1-RM improved at all time points for both groups; however, knee extension 1-RM gains were greater for the HV group after 20WE. Maximal isometric strength of the lower body for both groups increased only at 20WE, while upper-body maximal isometric strength increased after 13WE and 20WE. Maximal activation of the lower and upper body for both groups increased only after 20WE. Both groups showed significant increases in MT of their lower and upper body, with greater gains in lower-body MT for the HV group at 20WE. MQ improved in both groups after 13WE and 20WE, whereas the HV group improved more than the LV group at 20WE. These results showed that low-and high-volume trainings have a similar adaptation time course in the muscular function of upper-body muscles. However, high-volume training appears to be more efficient for lower-body muscles after 20 weeks of training.

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“…Results in the literature range from a nonsignificant finding of superiority of single-set training (44) to a significant finding of superiority of a multiple-set regimen (3,25). Unfortunately, this question is difficult to resolve, because a large variety of causes may contribute to the discrepancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Single- vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training on Maximum Strength and Body Composition in Trained Postmenopausal Women

Kemmler¹,

Lauber²,

Engelke³

et al. 2004

J Strength Cond Res

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ABSTRACT. Kemmler, W.K., D. Lauber, K. Engelke, and J. Weineck. Effects of single-vs. multiple-set resistance training on maximum strength and body composition in trained postmenopausal women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(4):000-000. 2004.-The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single-vs. a multiple-set resistance training protocol in well-trained early postmenopausal women. Subjects (N ϭ 71) were randomly assigned to begin either with 12 weeks of the single-set or 12 weeks of the multiple-set protocol. After another 5 weeks of regenerational resistance training, the subgroup performing the single-set protocol during the first 12 weeks crossed over to the 12-week multiple-set protocol and vice versa. Neither exercise type nor exercise intensity, degree of fatigue, rest periods, speed of movement, training sessions per week, compliance and attendance, or periodization strategy differed between exercise protocols. Body mass, body composition, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) values for leg press, bench press, rowing, and leg adduction were measured at baseline and after each period. Multipleset training resulted in significant increases (3.5-5.5%) for all 4 strength measurements, whereas single-set training resulted in significant decreases (Ϫ1.1 to Ϫ2.0%). Body mass and body composition did not change during the study. The results show that, in pretrained subjects, multiple-set protocols are superior to single-set protocols in increasing maximum strength.

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Effects of resistance training on insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding proteins

Abstract: These findings indicate that increased circulating IGF-I may, at least in part, mediate increases in strength that result from resistance training.

Cited by 184 publications

References 29 publications

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

Effects of Single- vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training on Maximum Strength and Body Composition in Trained Postmenopausal Women

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