Effects of resource availability on tolerance of herbivory in the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and the native Alternanthera sessilis

Sun, Yu-Shan; Ding, Jianqing; Frye, Matthew

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00822.x

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, I. capensis may be more tolerant of antagonism when soil nutrients are adequate; the reduced per-fl ower fl orivory due to higher fl ower production could also be considered a mechanism of tolerance to fl orivores. Soil nutrients, and nitrogen specifi cally, increase tolerance to leaf herbivory in many systems ( Wise and Abrahamson, 2008 ;Kohyani et al, 2009 ;Sun et al, 2010 ; but see Katjiua and Ward, 2006 ;Marshall et al, 2008 ;Suwa and Maherali 2008 ), but only one study has measured tolerance to fl oral antagonists (nectar robbers; Irwin, 2009 ), and there are no reports on the effects of abiotic factors on tolerance to fl oral antagonists. Increased plant growth and allocation to reproduction, both of which we see evidence for in this experiment, can serve as methods of tolerating herbivory in fertilized plots (e.g., Katjiua and Ward, 2006 ;Suwa and Maherali, 2008 ;Wise and Abrahamson, 2008 ;Kohyani et al, 2009 ;Sun et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Gorden

Adler

2013

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: While the effect of abiotic factors on leaf herbivory is well known, the relative importance of abiotic conditions influencing both mutualists and antagonists is less well understood. Species interactions could enhance or reduce the direct effects of abiotic factors, depending on how mutualists and antagonists respond to abiotic conditions.• Methods: We manipulated soil nutrients and shade in a factorial design and measured soil moisture in the annual Impatiens capensis. We then measured interactions with mutualists (two pollinating species) and antagonists (herbivores, florivores, nectar thieves, and flower bud gallers), as well as plant growth, floral rewards, and plant reproduction.• Key results: Fertilizer increased plant growth, floral attractiveness, mutualist and antagonist interactions, and plant reproduction. Shade had no effects, and soil moisture was negatively associated with plant growth and reproduction. All effects were additive. Mutualist and antagonist floral interactions both increased on fertilized plants, but antagonists increased at a greater rate, leading to a larger ratio of antagonist to mutualist interactions on fertilized plants. Despite having more antagonists, fertilized plants still had significantly higher reproduction, suggesting higher tolerance to antagonists.• Conclusions: Abiotic effects can have consistent effects on antagonists and mutualists, and on both floral and leaf antagonists. However, tolerance to antagonisms increased in favorable conditions. Thus, the direct positive effects of favorable abiotic conditions on plants outweighed negative indirect effects via increased antagonisms, which may lead to selection to grow in high‐nutrient microsites in spite of increased herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Gorden

Adler

2013

American J of Botany

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“…Nowatzki and Weiss (1997) showed that feeding impacted canola seedlings more when grown in unstressed conditions compared with seedlings that experienced moisture stress. Similarly, Sun et al (2010) found the weed Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach, had greater tolerance to herbivores when grown under moisture stress. The authors found A. philoxeroides roots grew faster in low moisture conditions and had a higher root:shoot biomass ratio than plants exposed to higher levels of moisture, suggesting a resource-allocation mechanism contributes to greater herbivory tolerance in droughtstressed plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact ofHalotydeus destructoron Crop Seedlings at Different Plant Developmental Stages and Levels of Moisture Stress

2013

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Tolerance and compensatory ability after invertebrate damage are important components of plant defense and are affected by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Here, we examine the impact of feeding damage caused by different densities of the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor Tucker) on the performance and recovery of canola and wheat seedlings at different plant developmental stages, and when grown under three levels of moisture stress. Both canola and wheat were susceptible to feeding damage caused by H. destructor at early growth development stages (canola-cotyledon, first and second true leaf stage; wheat-GS10 and GS12), but tolerated damage at the later growth stages (canola-third true leaf stage; wheat-GS14). Wheat plants compensated completely for mite feeding damage, while canola plants showed partial compensation when feeding occurred at the cotyledon and first true leaf stages. Canola was susceptible to immediate feeding damage from H. destructor under all levels of moisture stress and did not compensate for this damage over time when grown in the unstressed and moderately stressed treatments. Under severe moisture stress conditions, plant performance traits and mite density often showed a nonlinear relationship, with growth initially increasing as mite density increased, but then decreasing markedly as densities exceeded 30 mites/100 cm(2). Wheat seedlings were susceptible to immediate feeding damage when grown in the unstressed and severe stress conditions, but were generally able to compensate for this damage regardless of moisture conditions. The implications of these results for the management of H. destructor are discussed.

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“…Increase in snowfall or a change in snowfall variability is suggested to exacerbate the invasion of forbs in mixed-grass prairie ecosystem which in turn could influence the forage availability [22]. Soil moisture stress promoted greater herbivore tolerance for the invasive Alternan theraphiloxeroides and decreased it for the native congener A. sessilis [23].…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Impact of Climate Change on Weed and Their Management

Amare¹

2016

AJBES

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Abstract:The global climate is changing; along with measuring temperature and CO 2 level changes that are considered major drivers of climate change, there is also increasing attention being given to its impact on agricultural production systems (including weeds). Climate conditions exert a significant influence on the spread, population dynamics, life cycle duration, infestation pressure and the overall occurrence of the majority of agricultural pests. Weeds are among the agricultural pest that can be influenced by climate change. It is expected that climate change will bring about a shift in the floral composition of several ecosystems at higher latitudes and altitudes, as changes in temperature and humidity will be reflected on flowering, fruiting and seed dormancy. Changes in atmospheric CO 2 levels, rainfall, temperature and other growing conditions will affect weed species 'distribution and their competitiveness within a weed population and within crop. Any factor which increases environmental stress on crops may make them more vulnerable to attack by insects and plant pathogens and less competitive with weeds. Many of these weeds reproduce by vegetative means and recent evidence indicates that as a group, these weeds may show a strong response to recent increases in atmospheric CO 2 . Changing and increment of temperature is one main characteristics of climate change which may affect existing plants (weeds shift) and allow some other plants (weeds) to replace native and will be expand in to new areas which is not existed before. Even under drought condition some weeds produce allele-chemical that made weeds to thrive well and compete with crop. An increase in root: stem, with increases in the growth of roots or rhizomes, particularly of perennial weeds, may make it harder to control some weeds that regrow from root fragments left after mechanical tillage. The direct impacts of climate change will be either on the biology of the biological control agent and/or on the ability of the host plant to resist, tolerate or compensate for the presence of the herbivore or plant pathogen. Increased temperature would be expected to increase the rate of life cycles of both the biological control agents and the weeds. Increased water stress will affect the host plant's development, and through this, the development of biological control agents, so they might be less effective in drier situations.

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Effects of resource availability on tolerance of herbivory in the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and the native Alternanthera sessilis

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)

Impact ofHalotydeus destructoron Crop Seedlings at Different Plant Developmental Stages and Levels of Moisture Stress

Review on Impact of Climate Change on Weed and Their Management

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