Effects of Rhizobacteria on Root-Knot Nematodes and Gall Formation

Enhanced tolerance ofMentha arvensisagainstMeloidogyne incognita(Kofoid and White) Chitwood through mutualistic endophytes and PGPRs

“…Such combinations may overcome inconsistencies in the performance of individual isolates. There are reports where production of metabolites by rhizospheric bacteria causes lysis of nematode eggs (Westcott and Kluepfel 1993), reduces egg hatching (Oostendorp and Sikora 1989), affects vitality of second-stage juveniles (Becker et al 1988) and degrades specific root exudates resulting in reduced attraction and penetration of nematodes (Oostendorp and Sikora 1990;Pandey and Kalra 2010). Siddiqui and Shaukat (2002) also reported that root colonization by rhizospheric bacteria reduced nematode invasion.…”

“…The use of mutualistic fungi and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to manage nematode disease offers an attractive alternative to synthetic nematicides. The growth or activity of pest and pathogen can be inhibited by several beneficial mutualistic endophytes and rhizobacteria (Bruehl 1987;Becker et al 1988;Lynch 1990;Glick 1995;Pandey et al 1997Pandey et al , 1999Weller et al 2002;Howell 2003;Lucy et al 2004;Somers et al 2004;Kloepper and Ryu 2006;Khan et al 2008;Raaijmakers et al 2009;Pandey 2010). Mutualistic endophytes and PGPRs are major occupants of rhizosphere, and their extensive microbial activity may provide major defense against nematode pest.…”

Effect of rhizosphere fluorescent Pseudomonas strains on plant-parasitic nematodes Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp.

“…The mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of plant-parasitic nematode invasion and development still need to be investigated in detail. Using an in vitro assay, Becker et al (1988) showed that about 1% of more than 5000 bacterial strains isolated from rhizospheres produced chemical compounds that affected the viability of M. incognita juveniles, and that 20% of these significantly reduced the number of galls on cucumber roots when applied as a seed treatment. However, the chemical compounds causal for these effects were not identified.…”

“…No significant difference (P × 0·10) was seen in the movement of either nematode species in the control treatments. Becker et al (1988) showed a reduced galling by the rootknot nematode M. incognita on tomato, cucumber and clover following applications of Ps. fluorescens biovar I and IV and Bacillus sp.…”

“…Pasteuria penetrans) micro-organisms (Stirling 1991). The effect of rhizobacteria, or bacteria living in the soil under the influence of roots, on plant-parasitic nematodes has been investigated poorly (Becker et al 1988 ;Oostendorp and Sikora 1990 ;Soler-Serratosa et al 1994). Among these rhizobacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads (FP) constitute a major bacterial group.…”