Effects of rhizome extracts from invasive knotweed species Fallopia japonica and F. ×bohemica on radish seed germination and root growth of seedlings

Šoln, Katarina; Likar, M; Koce, Jasna Dolenc

doi:10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-1-1310

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…As the radish roots showed relatively severe signs of stress, we here have further investigated the allelopathic potential of these knotweed extracts against radish seedlings after 3 days of germination, to detect the first signs of inhibition. Although various short-term exposure scenarios to knotweed extracts (Vrchotová and Šerá 2008;Moravcová et al 2011;Dolenc Koce and Šoln 2018;Šoln et al 2021a, 2021b and applications of individual phytochemicals (Fan et al 2010;Tucker Serniak 2016) have been studied previously, their influence has never been compared nor analysed in the same study. Therefore, we compared the effects of these knotweed extracts to those of their most abundant phenols, i.e.…”

Section: Chemoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary compounds in knotweed rhizomes have been mainly analysed using various chromatographic techniques (Fan et al 2009;Chen et al 2013;Frantík et al 2013;Šoln et al 2021a) and mass spectrometry (Fan et al 2009). Xiao et al (2002) used NMR to structurally identify some new compounds from rhizomes of F. japonica from China.…”

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Knotweed Rhizomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the cellular level, treatments with allelochemicals often lead to a burst of ROS in target plants (Yan et al 2016;Araniti et al 2018;Šoln et al 2021a). ROS interact with lipids in the plasma membrane and initiate a radical chain reaction known as lipid peroxidation, which can subsequently lead to destruction of the cell membranes (Das and Roychoudhury 2014).…”

Section: Biochemical Parameters Associated With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth

et al. 2022

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Allelopathic plants release secondary compounds into the soil that then suppress the growth of nearby plants. Allelopathy has been shown for the invasive Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (F. × bohemica). The aggressive and dominant invaders represent a serious threat to the local plant communities outside their native range. Here, we analysed the phenols in the knotweed rhizomes using nuclear magnetic resonance. We also evaluated the allelopathic potential of methanol extracts of F. japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and compared these with the effects of the individual knotweed phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture. Rhizomes of both knotweeds contained similar amounts of epicatechin and emodin, with 24% higher resveratrol in F. × bohemica. Only the F. × bohemica methanol extract inhibited radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination. After 3 days of treatments with 10% (w/v) extracts of both knotweeds, radish seedlings showed up to 70% shorter roots. In contrast, root growth of seedlings treated with the individual phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture, was inhibited by up to 30%, similar to the 1% knotweed extracts. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress also increased in the roots of treated seedlings, with high levels of malondialdehyde in particular indicating lipid peroxidation. Total antioxidative capacity was also increased in seedlings exposed to 0.6 mg/mL resveratrol and emodin. This study shows higher allelopathic potential of the knotweed methanol extracts compared to the individual phenols and their mixture.

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Section: Chemoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Knotweed Rhizomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemical Parameters Associated With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth

et al. 2022

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“…Aqueous rhizome extracts of Japanese knotweed and Bohemian knotweed also delayed the germination of Raphanus sativus L., and suppressed their growth. The roots of R. sativus showed symptoms of oxidative stress such as abnormal shapes of nuclei, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum [ 56 , 57 ]. Aqueous rhizome extracts of Japanese knotweed ( Polygonum cuspidatum s.l.)…”

Section: Allelopathy Of Knotweedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy of Knotweeds as Invasive Plants

Kato‐Noguchi

2021

Plants

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Perennial herbaceous Fallopia is native to East Asia, and was introduced to Europe and North America in the 19th century as an ornamental plant. Fallopia has been spreading quickly and has naturalized in many countries. It is listed in the world’s 100 worst alien species. Fallopia often forms dense monospecies stands through the interruption of the regeneration process of indigenous plant species. Allelopathy of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia x bohemica) has been reported to play an essential role in its invasion. The exudate from their roots and/or rhizomes, and their plant residues inhibited the germination and growth of some other plant species. These knotweeds, which are non-mycorrhizal plants, also suppressed the abundance and species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere soil. Such suppression was critical for most territorial plants to form the mutualism with AMF, which enhances the nutrient and water uptake, and the tolerance against pathogens and stress conditions. Several allelochemicals such as flavanols, stilbenes, and quinones were identified in the extracts, residues, and rhizosphere soil of the knotweeds. The accumulated evidence suggests that some of those allelochemicals in knotweeds may be released into the rhizosphere soil through the decomposition process of their plant parts, and the exudation from their rhizomes and roots. Those allelochemicals may inhibit the germination and growth of native plants, and suppress the mycorrhizal colonization of native plants, which provides the knotweeds with a competitive advantage, and interrupts the regeneration processes of native plants. Therefore, allelopathy of knotweeds may contribute to establishing their new habitats in the introduced ranges as invasive plant species. It is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of knotweeds.

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“…The root is of particular interest because it is a primary organ exposed to the direct influence of potentially harmful substances from the soil. Our previous studies (Dolenc Koce & Šoln, 2018;Šoln et al, 2021a; indicated that radish seedlings may be used as a model for studying root growth inhibition due to the robust morphology, rapid growth, and sensitivity to allelopathic compounds. We previously showed that in 7-day-old seedlings, extracts of F. japonica and F. Â bohemica rhizomes inhibited root growth by up to 65% and induced various biochemical changes related to oxidative stress ( Šoln et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fallopia japonica and Fallopia × bohemica extracts cause ultrastructural and biochemical changes in root tips of radish seedlings

Šoln,

Žnidaršič,

Klemenčič

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia × bohemica) are invasive plants that use allelopathy as an additional mechanism for colonization of the new habitat. Allelochemicals affect the growth of roots of neighboring plants. In the present study, we analyze the early changes associated with the inhibited root growth of radish seedlings exposed to aqueous extracts of knotweed rhizomes for 3 days. Here, we show that cells in the root cap treated with the knotweed extracts exhibited reduced cell length and displayed several ultrastructural changes, including the increased abundance of dilated ER cisternae filled with electron‐dense material (ER bodies) and the accumulation of dense inclusions. Moreover, mitochondrial damage was exhibited in the root cap and the meristem zone compared to the non‐treated radish seedlings. Furthermore, malfunction of the intracellular redox balance system was detected as the increased total antioxidative capacity. We also detected increased metacaspase‐like proteolytic activities and, in the case of 10% extract of F. japonica, increased caspase‐like proteolytic activities. These ultrastructural and biochemical effects could be the reason for the more than 60% shorter root length of treated radish seedlings compared to controls.

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Effects of rhizome extracts from invasive knotweed species Fallopia japonica and F. ×bohemica on radish seed germination and root growth of seedlings

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth

Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth

Allelopathy of Knotweeds as Invasive Plants

Fallopia japonica and Fallopia × bohemica extracts cause ultrastructural and biochemical changes in root tips of radish seedlings

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