Effects of Rich-Polyphenols Extract of Dendrobium loddigesii on Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Gut Microbiota Modulation in db/db Mice

Abstract

Dendrobium is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-diabetic effects and has diverse bibenzyls as well as phenanthrenes. Little is known about Dendrobium polyphenols anti-diabetic activities, so, a rich-polyphenols extract of D. loddigesii (DJP) was used for treatment of diabetic db/db mice; the serum biochemical index and tissue appearance were evaluated. In order to gain an insight into the anti-diabetic mechanism, the oxidative stress index, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gut microbiota modulation were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemistry or high throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that DJP had the effects to decrease the blood glucose, body weight, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increase insulin (INS) level in the mice. DJP improved the mice fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy. DJP showed the anti-oxidative abilities to reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH). DJP exerted the anti-inflammatory effects of decreasing expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. After treatment of DJP, the intestinal flora balance of the mice was ameliorated, increasing Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratios as well as the relative abundance of Prevotella/Akkermansia and reducing the relative abundance of S24-7/Rikenella/Escherichia coli. The function’s prediction of gut microbiota indicated that the microbial compositions involved carbohydrate metabolism or lipid metabolism were changed. This study revealed for the first time that DJP improves the mice symptoms of diabetes and complications, which might be due to the effects that DJP induced the decrease of inflammation as well as oxidative stress and improvement of intestinal flora balance.

Antioxidant activity of selenium-enriched Chrysomyia megacephala (Fabricius) larvae powder and its impact on intestinal microflora in D-galactose induced aging mice

“…Although there was not significant difference in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes between the NC and model groups, the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio was decreased in model group. The reduction in Bacteroidetes and the increase in Firmicutes may be related to the increased ability to harvest energy from food and cause low-grade systemic inflammation, eventually damaging the organism [45,46]. Additionally, we found that the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was increased in SCML groups, suggesting that intestinal flora imbalance was improved after SCML treatment.…”

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

“…Dendrobium is a HM clinically used for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and dendrobium polyphenols are its main constituents that exert diverse pharmacological effects (Paudel et al, 2018 ). A study on the effects of a polyphenol-rich extract of Dendrobium loddigesii (DJP) in diabetic mice identified anti-inflammatory activities of DJP for T2DM treatment through a reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α expression, which was correlated with the modulation of gut microbiota, including an increase of the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio and Prevotella/Akkermansia abundance and a decrease in the abundance of S24-7 / Rikenella / Escherichia coli (Li et al, 2018 ) ( Table 1 ).…”

Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…72 Increased Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes has also shown after intervention with Qijian mixture (Astragalus membranaceus, Ramulus euonymi, Coptis chinensis, and Pueraria lobata) and extract of D. loddigesii. 73,74 Increased abundance of Akkermansia was also associated with glucose-lowering properties of polyphenolrich extracts of cranberry. 75 Water-ethanol extract of green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera and Oil tea (green tea and ginger) enriched Lachnospiraceae has been reported after intake of in animal studies, 76,77 wherein it was suggested to underlie its beneficial impact on glycemic control.…”