Effects of Root Drying Temperature and Moisture Content on the Levels of Active Ingredients in Echinacea Roots

Li, Thomas S. C.; Wardle, Douglas A.

doi:10.1300/j044v08n01_03

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Drying of whole Echinacea purpurea roots at different temperatures (40 to 70 o C) did not result in a decrease in alkamide levels either, however, cichoric acid decreased when an increase in drying temperature was done (Stuart and Wills 2003). This is contradictory to the report of Li and Wardle (2001) in which they found that an increase in drying temperature of freshly harvested roots caused an increase in the cichoric acid content.…”

Section: During Drying Of Echinacea Rootscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Nusslein et al (2000) found that cold pressed Echinacea juices, which do not inactivate enzymes, are devoid of cichoric acid, which is consistent with the findings of Perry et al (2001) and Dalby-Brown (2005). Another study by Li and Wardle (2001) found that an increase in the drying temperature (45 o C) over 3-5 days of E.…”

Section: Stability Of Alkamides and Caffeic Acid Derivatives In Echinmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts

Solco

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Section: During Drying Of Echinacea Rootscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Of Alkamides and Caffeic Acid Derivatives In Echinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts

Solco

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“…Sample heating was found to reduce the root content of echinacoside in Echinacea angustifolia [33] and Echinacea pallida [34] due to volatilization or thermal decomposition. Consequently, only frozen, not dried, samples were processed and analyzed in our reported experiments.…”

Section: Cads Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

et al. 2011

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The accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), in particular rosmarinic acid (RA), was investigated in different tissues (leaves, roots and plantlet shoots) of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown either in vitro or in hydroponic culture (floating system) under greenhouse conditions. Two cultivars with green leaves (Genovese and Superbo) and one with purple leaves (Dark Opal) were tested. The content of CADs in HCl-methanol extracts was determined by HPLC. LC-MS and LC-MS-MS were used to confirm the identification of the metabolites of interest. Apart from rosmarinic acid (RA) and a methylated form of this substance, no other CADs were detected at significant level in any of the analyzed samples. The content of RA ranged approximately from 4 to 63 mg/g DW, depending on the growing system. The highest RA content was found during the in vitro multiplication, in the acclimatized plants and in the roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings at full bloom. In vitro, 6-benzyladenine reduced the accumulation of RA in purple-leaf Dark Opal cultivar, but an opposite effect of this growth regulator was observed in the green-leaf genotypes. Our findings suggest the possibility to scale-up RA production by means of in vitro or hydroponic culture of sweet basil.

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“…The effectsof drying temperatures on the constituents of all three Echinacea species have been investigated (Li & Wardle 2001). The results showed that there was an increase in cichoric acid content for E. purpurea and E. pallida.…”

Section: Quality Of Plant Materials and Commercial Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties

Barnes

Anderson²,

Gibbons

et al. 2005

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

379

310

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This paper reviews the chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of Echinacea species used medicinally. The Echinacea species Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea have a long history of medicinal use for a variety of conditions, particularly infections, and today echinacea products are among the best-selling herbal preparations in several developed countries. Modern interest in echinacea is focused on its immunomodulatory effects, particularly in the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. The chemistry of Echinacea species is well documented, and several groups of constituents, including alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives, are considered important for activity. There are, however, differences in the constituent profile of the three species. Commercial echinacea samples and marketed echinacea products may contain one or more of the three species, and analysis of samples of raw material and products has shown that some do not meet recognized standards for pharmaceutical quality. Evidence from preclinical studies supports some of the traditional and modern uses for echinacea, particularly the reputed immunostimulant (or immunomodulatory) properties. Several, but not all, clinical trials of echinacea preparations have reported effects superior to those of placebo in the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. However, evidence of efficacy is not definitive as studies have included different patient groups and tested various different preparations and dosage regimens of echinacea. On the basis of the available limited safety data, echinacea appears to be well tolerated. However, further investigation and surveillance are required to establish the safety profiles of different echinacea preparations. Safety issues include the possibility of allergic reactions, the use of echinacea by patients with autoimmune diseases and the potential for echinacea preparations to interact with conventional medicines.

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Effects of Root Drying Temperature and Moisture Content on the Levels of Active Ingredients in Echinacea Roots

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts

Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties

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