Effects of Root Temperature on Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Translocation and Distribution of 14C-Photoassimilates and Root Respiration in Tomato

Shishido, Yoshihiro; Kumakura, Hiroshi

doi:10.2503/jjshs.63.81

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This suggests that the rootzone heating influences root growth first, and that this subsequently promotes shoot growth. Because shoot activity is promoted by root-zone heating, increased leaf area (Hurewitz and Janes, 1983) and transpiration rate (Shishido and Kumakura, 1994) have been reported, which supports our results. Xylem exudation and root respiration rates have been used to represent root activity related to water and nutrient transport (Klock et al, 1997;Yamaguchi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Under low root-zone temperature, plant growth is inhibited. At optimal air temperatures, severe growth inhibition is shown at a root-zone temperature of 10°C or less (Hurewitz and Janes, 1983;Shishido and Kumakura, 1994). In the present study, the mean air temperature was 16.2°C and the minimum was 5.8°C, which was low enough to cause growth inhibition by chilling at night.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Root respiration was significantly higher in the control on day 7, but the difference was no longer significant on day 21. Previously, the root respiration rate at 25°C was shown to be related to the root-zone temperature, with a lower rate at low rootzone temperature (Shishido and Kumakura, 1994). Although the reason why root respiration was lower in the heating treatment is not clear, the decrease was transient and respiration had recovered by day 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under low air temperatures at night, leaf area expansion and plant growth are also restricted (Smeets and Garretsen, 1986). In contrast, the root-zone temperature is optimal at 20 to 30°C (Gosselin and Trudel, 1984;Hurewitz and Janes, 1983;Shishido and Kumakura, 1994;Tindall et al, 1990), although the optimum varies slightly among air temperatures (Gosselin and Trudel, 1983a). Under low root-zone temperature, plant growth is inhibited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of root-zone temperature on tomato growth have been investigated. For example, concentrations of internal plant growth regulators (Ali et al, 1996), carbon distribution to the roots (Shishido and Kumakura, 1994), root growth (Tindall et al, 1990), water and nutrient uptake (Gosselin and Trudel, 1983b), and the leaf area expansion and carbon dioxide exchange rate (Hurewitz and Janes, 1983) were decreased by low root-zone temperature. However, these results were obtained under optimal air temperatures, and few investigations have been conducted under low air temperatures (Jones et al, 1978;Orchard, 1980), especially in terms of the effects on yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures

Kawasaki

Matsuo

Kanayama

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Low-cost heating is needed to reduce chilling injuries, heating costs, and CO 2 emission during greenhouse tomato production. To acquire information about the physiological and morphological effects of root-zone heating, an economical option at low air temperatures, we grew tomato plants on a nutrient film technique hydroponic system in a heated nutrient solution. We investigated the effects of short-term root-zone heating after transplanting and long-term heating until harvest. We measured short-term plant growth, nutrient uptake, root activity (xylem exudation and root respiration rates), root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration, internal root structure, and long-term fruit weight and dry matter distribution. The minimum root-zone temperature was maintained at 16.6°C, while the minimum air temperature (5.9°C) and the minimum root-zone temperature in the control (5.8°C) were lower than optimal. After 7 days of root-zone heating, root dry weight and relative growth rate increased compared with those of the control, accompanied by increased mineral nutrient uptake and xylem exudation. These changes may explain the increased shoot growth after 21 days of heating. In roots, development of the epidermis and stele, including the xylem, was promoted by heating, in contrast to previous research on root-zone cooling at high air temperature, which promoted xylem-specific development. Although the proportion of dry matter distributed to the fruit was not changed by root-zone heating, individual fruit size and total yield were higher than in the control due to a higher total dry weight in the heating treatment. Our results suggest that root-zone heating is an effective lowcost heating technology at low air temperature because of its effects on root activity, growth, and fruit yield, but that the mechanisms may differ from those in root-zone cooling at high air temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures

Kawasaki

Matsuo

Kanayama

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Case study: reducing heating energy consumption in a high tunnel greenhouse with renewable energy and microclimate control by bench-top root-zone heating, bench covers, and under-bench insulation

Kim,

Yu,

Ferrell

2024

Discov Sustain

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Appalachian State University's Nexus project designed an efficient greenhouse heating system that integrated renewable energy and root zone heating technology to reduce the greenhouse heating energy burden on local farmers and installed it at local cooperative farms. This study analyzed 5 years of data from 2018 to 2022 to investigate the energy savings and microclimate control effectiveness of the Nexus heating system installed at Springhouse Farm in North Carolina, USA. By varying bench cover materials, bottom insulation, and the number of loops of root zone tubing, the different soil temperatures required for plant types and growth stages were achieved with a single temperature controller. A root zone heating fluid of 32.2 ℃ satisfactorily maintained the germination soil between 20 and 25 ℃ in March 2019 with an average outside temperature of 4.8 ℃ and an average low temperature of − 0.4 ℃. Growing soil maintained an average temperature of 15 ℃ with bottom insulation and an average of 11–12 ℃ without bottom insulation. Compared to the conventional heating system (a forced-air propane unit heater alone), weather-adjusted propane consumption (propane usage divided by heating degree days) was reduced by 65% with the Nexus system alone and 45% with the Nexus system and unit heater together. It shows that the Nexus system has significantly reduced greenhouse heating energy consumption and maintained productive conditions. The renewable energy fraction ranged only 9–13% of the total thermal energy used due to the high inlet temperature entering the solar thermal collector. This can be improved by separating the heat storage and backup heat source.

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Root-mediated allelopathic interference of bhringraj (Eclipta alba L.) Hassk. on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and mung bean (Vigna radiata)

Gulzar

Siddiqui

2015

Applied Soil Ecology

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Effects of Root Temperature on Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Translocation and Distribution of 14C-Photoassimilates and Root Respiration in Tomato

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures

Effect of Root-zone Heating on Root Growth and Activity, Nutrient Uptake, and Fruit Yield of Tomato at Low Air Temperatures

Case study: reducing heating energy consumption in a high tunnel greenhouse with renewable energy and microclimate control by bench-top root-zone heating, bench covers, and under-bench insulation

Root-mediated allelopathic interference of bhringraj (Eclipta alba L.) Hassk. on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and mung bean (Vigna radiata)

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