Effects of ruminal administration of supplemental degradable intake protein and starch on utilization of low-quality warm-season grass hay by beef steers.

Olson, K. C.; Cochran, R.C.; Jones, Timothy J.; Vanzant, E.S.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Johnson, Dallas E.

doi:10.2527/1999.7741016x

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A redução no consumo de forragem em animais recebendo suplementos energéticos pode ser atribuída a mudanças nas proporções relativas das populações de microrganismos no rúmen em função da competição por substratos, principalmente N (Olson et al, 1999).…”

Section: -Means Coefficients Of Variation (Cv) and Probabilities (P)unclassified

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Moraes¹,

Paulino²,

Zervoudakis

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de PB em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastagem de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça durante o período de transição seca/águas. Os suplementos, à base de milho e grão de soja triturados, foram formulados para apresentar 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB e foram fornecidos na quantidade de 1,0 kg/dia. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo e a eficiência econômica de 20 novilhos mestiços Holandês x Zebu, não-castrados, com 19 meses de idade e 339,4±14,8 kg de PV inicial. O ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total aumentaram de forma linear de acordo com os níveis de proteína nos suplementos. Os ganhos observados foram de 0,992; 1,142 e 1,261 kg/dia, respectivamente, para os suplementos com 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB. A avaliação econômica dos suplementos comprovou maior eficiência econômica do suplemento com 24% de PB. No segundo experimento, quatro novilhos mestiços (peso médio de 400 kg) fistulados no rúmen e no esôfago foram utilizados para avaliar a influência dos níveis de proteína sobre o pH e a concentração de amônia ruminal. O pH não foi alterado, mas a concentração ruminal de N-NH 3 aumentou de forma linear com os níveis de proteína do suplemento. Os níveis amoniacais médios observados com os suplementos contendo 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB foram de 8,41; 10,69 e 12,92 mg/dL, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: amônia ruminal, análise de sensibilidade, pH, suplementação protéica Feeding supplements with different crude protein levels to dairy crossbreed steers on pasture during the transition period between the dry and rainy season ABSTRACT -Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different crude protein (CP) levels of a mixture of mineral and concentrate (multiple supplement) fed to crossbreed steers grazing Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça pasture during the transition between the dry and the rainy season. The multiple supplement contained ground corn and soybean grains and was formulated to yield 8.0, 16.0 or 24.0% of CP. Each animal received 1.0 kg of the multiple supplement per day or only ad libitum mineral mix (control treatment). In the first trial, 20 crossbred steers averaging 19 months of age and 339.4±14.8 kg of body weight were used. The average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly from 0.992 to 1.258 kg/d when the CP level of the supplement increased from 8.0 to 24%. Total weight gain also increased linearly by increasing the CP level of the supplement. Economical analysis of the supplements showed greater gross income for the supplement containing 24% CP. In the second trial, four crossbreed steers fitted with ruminal and esophageal cannulas and averaging 400 kg of body weight were used to investigate different CP levels of the supplements on ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia ruminal concentration. The different CP levels of the supplement did not significantly change ruminal pH. However, ruminal ammonia increased linearly from 8.41 to 12.2 mg/dL when the CP level of the supplement increased from 8.0 to 24%.

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Section: -Means Coefficients Of Variation (Cv) and Probabilities (P)unclassified

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Moraes¹,

Paulino²,

Zervoudakis

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…In this experiment, supplemental dextrose had no effect of forage intake. Olson et al (1999) reported that starch, at a level of 0.15% BW, decreased forage OMI in cattle, a bulk-grazer with much less capacity for selectivity than goats. It is not clear what the effect of dextrose would have been in the cattle of Olson et al (1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olson et al (1999) reported that starch, at a level of 0.15% BW, decreased forage OMI in cattle, a bulk-grazer with much less capacity for selectivity than goats. It is not clear what the effect of dextrose would have been in the cattle of Olson et al (1999). The difference in the ruminal availability of starch and dextrose could be used to explain the differences in responses between dextrose and starch, since even different sources of starch result in differing goat forage intake (Abijaoudé et al, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of protein and energy supplementation on growth, forage intake, forage digestion and nitrogen balance in meat goat kids

Patterson

Lambert

Muir³

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of this study was to further the understanding of the effects of dietary protein and energy supplements on growth, performance, feed intake and grass forage digestibility in growing meat goat wethers. In Experiment 1, an 18% CP complete goat pellet was offered alone (control diet, C) or added (1), or not, as supplement to three grass hays (coastal bermudagrass, CB; Tifton 85 bermudagrass, T; and sorghum-Sudan grass hay, SS), to Boer-cross wethers (n 5 72). The resulting seven diets were offered ad libitum. In Experiment 2, four wether goats in metabolism crates were used in a 4 3 4 Latin square design and fed a SS basal diet ad libitum with treatments consisting of no supplement, supplemental urea (200 mg/kg BW daily), supplemental dextrose (0.2% BW daily), or urea 1 dextrose (200 mg/kg BW daily and 0.2% BW daily, respectively). In Experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) were 23.8, 25.0 and 26.6 g/day for goats consuming CB, T and SS, respectively, and 69.2, 61.6 and 58.1 g/day for supplemented CB (CB1), T (T1) and SS (SS1), respectively, as compared to 245.8 g/day for ad libitum access to C. Supplementation in Experiment 1 increased (P , 0.01) ADG for all hays when compared to hay-only diets. In Experiment 2, protein and energy supplementation increased (P , 0.01) nitrogen retention but did not impact diet digestibility. The beneficial effects of supplements in Experiment 1 and the increase in nitrogen retention in Experiment 2 cannot be explained by improvements in ruminal fiber utilization, but could be due to post-ruminal nutrient supply and/or increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis.Keywords: digestion, energy, goats, protein, supplementation Implications This paper indicates that growing goats, consuming one of three species of grass hay, required supplementation in order to achieve positive BW gains. In a second experiment, supplementation of protein or energy alone did not result in increased nitrogen retention or fiber digestibility. When feeding low and medium quality grass hays to growing meat goat kids, producers should consider supplementation of both protein and energy simultaneously to achieve increases in protein accretion via nitrogen retention.

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“…Total faecal output was recorded for each individual before the morning and afternoon feeding. A sample of voided faeces was taken daily for each animal, mixed and pooled over the first five days of the eight-day collection period (Köster et al, 1996;Olson et al, 1999). Two separate sub-samples of faeces were taken and frozen at −10 ºC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is uncertain what caused the difference (P <0.05) in butyrate concentrations. According to Heldt et al (1999) and Olson et al (1999), supplemental energy is responsible for increased butyrate concentration in the rumen, and not the RDP source.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diets differing in rumen soluble nitrogen on utilization of poor-quality roughage by sheep

Mentz¹,

Niekerk²,

Hassen³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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This study investigated the effects of replacing rapid-release nitrogen (N) from urea with a graded level of slow-release N (Optigen® II) source on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, when sheep were fed a poor-quality roughage diet. Five rumen cannulated wethers were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square experimental design. The treatments had various proportions of urea to Optigen® II (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0), with the same inclusion level of starch and a mineral premix on an iso-nitrogen basis. The 25% urea : 75% Optigen® II treatment showed significantly higher intakes of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and digestible organic matter than in the other treatments. No differences were recorded for apparent dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and neutral detergent fibre digestibility among the treatments. However, sheep on the 100% Optigen® II treatment had a significantly lower apparent nitrogen digestibility. No differences were observed for ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations among the treatments, except for butyrate and isobutyrate concentrations. The butyrate concentration of the 100% Optigen® II treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments, whereas the isobutyrate concentration was significantly lower than in Treatments 2 (75% urea : 25% Optigen® II) and 5 (100% Optigen® II). The rumen NH 3 -N concentration of the 100% Optigen® II treatment was significantly lower than the 100% urea treatment at two and four hours after infusion. Based on biological responses, results suggest that up to 75% of urea could be replaced with Optigen® II in supplements.

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Effects of ruminal administration of supplemental degradable intake protein and starch on utilization of low-quality warm-season grass hay by beef steers.

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Effects of protein and energy supplementation on growth, forage intake, forage digestion and nitrogen balance in meat goat kids

Effect of diets differing in rumen soluble nitrogen on utilization of poor-quality roughage by sheep

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