Effects of saline acclimation and cecal ligation on body water and water flux in male and female Pekin ducks

Hughes, Maryanne R.; Zenteno‐Savín, Tania; Kojwang, David

doi:10.1139/z91-111

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Females have larger kidneys (Hughes et al 1989(Hughes et al , 1995 and are more tolerant of saline (Hughes et al 1992); males have higher water flux (Bennett et al 2000), especially after cecal ligation (Hughes et al 1991), and lower glomerular filtration rate (Hughes et al 1989). ECFV, but not TBW, differed between male and female Pekin ducks maintained on freshwater (Hughes et al 1989(Hughes et al , 1991Bennett et al 2003b). This sexual disparity in body water distribution disappeared after acclimation to 300 mM NaCl (Hughes et al 1989;Bennett et al 2003b), because females shifted significantly more body water from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid (Bennett et al 2003b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Extracellular Water and Sodium May Contribute to Saline Tolerance in Wild Ducks

Bennett¹,

Gray²,

Sharp³

et al. 2005

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The compartmentalization of body fluids was measured in three species of ducks that differ in saline tolerance. Half of the birds of each species drank freshwater, while the other half drank saline (300 mM NaCl). Among ducks that drank freshwater, total body water (TBW) was similar among all species, but Barrow's goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), the most marine species, had larger extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) than freshwater mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) or estuarine canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). When acclimated to saline, only goldeneyes shifted extracellular water and Na+ into the intracellular compartment. ECFV was correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration in goldeneyes, but not in canvasbacks (aldosterone was not measured in mallards). Data summarized from the literature showed that TBW does not differ among terrestrial, freshwater, or marine species, but marine species have a larger part of their TBW in the extracellular compartment. Saline induced movement of extracellular water and Na+ into the cells only in goldeneyes. ECFV and redistribution of extracellular water and Na+ into the cells may be important components in saline tolerance of marine birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Extracellular Water and Sodium May Contribute to Saline Tolerance in Wild Ducks

Bennett¹,

Gray²,

Sharp³

et al. 2005

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Unlike most mammals and terrestrial birds, seabirds regularly ingest water and food with high osmolyte concentration, largely sodium chloride (NaCl). Daily water flux (WF, ml/d) is mainly due to drinking and preformed water in food and may be greater in male than in female ducks (Hughes et al, 1991). It is characteristically higher in marine birds than in nonmarine birds (Hughes et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is especially high in seaducks. For example, the daily WF of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) is about 10% of the body mass (Hughes et al, 1991), but is about 25% of the body mass in Barrows goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) (Bennett & Hughes, unpublished data). The high WF of seaducks presents them with excessive amounts of NaCl that enter the body across the intestinal epithelium.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They spend the remainder of the year in marine environments that contain substantial amounts of Cd. Although they are less salt tolerant than seaducks (Hughes et al, 1991(Hughes et al, , 1992, Pekin ducks were used to investigate possible effects of ingested Cd on the organs of seaducks because they use the same mechanisms to maintain osmotic homeostasis. This study simulated the return of seaducks to the marine habitat by presenting Pekin ducks simultaneously with increasingly concentrated NaCl and diets spiked with Cd.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Morphological and Pathological Effects of Cadmium Ingestion on Pekin Ducks Exposed to Saline

Hughes

Smits

Elliott

et al. 2000

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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This study examined the effects of simultaneous exposure to saline and cadmium (Cd) on organ mass and histology of a bird with salt glands, the Pekin duck, Anas platyrhynchos. Three mixed-sex groups, each containing 6 birds, ate duck pellets containing 0, 50, or 300 microg Cd/g, respectively, for 4 1/2 mo and drank 300 mM NaCl. Only females on the high-Cd diet lost body mass. Ingestion of Cd reduced heart mass in females. There was increased mass of Harderian and salt glands in both sexes. Mass of kidneys and liver increased only in males, and the gut mass (also length) increased more in males. Cadmium ingestion also induced (1) inflammation of renal interstitium and degenerative tubular changes, (2) marked degenerative changes in testes, (3) increased heart water content, (4) decreased cytoplasmic volume of liver cells, (5) reduced proportion of basophilic granular cells in chromaffin tissue of the adrenal glands, and (6) in the ileum, increased heterophilia in the lamina propria and, only in females, the apoptosis to mitosis ratio in crypt cells of the epithelium. The ducks' outward appearance gave no indication that ingesting large amounts of cadmium for 4 1/2 mo produced deleterious effects, but the physiological consequences were profound. Both sexes had greatly reduced gonadal mass and the males produced no sperm. The higher dietary level greatly hypertrophied the liver, kidneys, and gut only in males. The cadmium-induced changes in organs, particularly in the gonads, kidneys, and adrenal glands, should greatly impair the health and reproductive capacity of these ducks.

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“…Water flux of Mallards (Bennett 2002) and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) (Hughes et al 1991;Bennett et al 2000 is twice that of other birds with salt glands (Hughes et al 1987), largely because of drinking . Sodium flux is also much higher in marine birds than in terrestrial birds (Roberts and Hughes 1984a;Goldstein 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of saline intake, sex, and season on Pekin duck osmoregulatory organ masses and comparison with wild Mallards

Hughes¹,

Bennett²

2004

Can. J. Zool.

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Osmoregulatory organ masses of freshwater Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) do not differ between the sexes, but drinking saline induces changes that are sexually disparate in some organs. We examined relative size of organ masses of male and female Pekin ducks (that were domesticated from Mallards) and compared their responses to saline intake with those of Mallards. Organ masses of male and female Mallards do not differ in size. The liver and kidneys are heavier in female Pekin ducks and their digestive tract (except for the proventriculus and duodenum) is longer and heavier; male Pekin ducks have heavier salt glands. Mallards acclimated to saline drinking water have enlarged salt glands but not kidneys, adrenal glands, or Harderian glands, their proventriculus tends to be shorter and lighter, the jejunum longer in males, and the ileum longer and heavier in both sexes. In Pekin ducks that drink saline, the salt and Harderian glands are larger and their kidneys (but not adrenal glands) tend to be larger; the proventriculus is unaffected, but the small intestine is lighter, but not shorter, in females. Body, salt gland, Harderian gland, ventriculus, and duodenum masses vary seasonally in Pekin ducks. Discussion considers the effects of season and sex on relative organ masses and how saline-induced changes in them reflect domestication and may influence salt tolerance.Résumé : La masse des organes osmorégulateurs chez les canards colverts (Anas platyrhynchos) d'eau douce ne varie pas en fonction du sexe, mais l'absorption d'une solution saline entraîne dans certains organes des changements qui diffèrent selon le sexe. Nous avons examiné la masse relative des organes chez des canards de Pékin (qui sont domestiquées à partir du canard colvert) mâles et femelles et comparé leur réaction à l'ingestion de solution saline à celle des canards colverts. Les masses des organes ne diffèrent pas chez les mâles et les femelles du canard colvert. Le foie et les reins sont plus lourds chez les canards de Pékin femelles et leur tube digestif, à l'exception du proventricule et du duodénum, est plus long et plus lourd; les canards de Pékin mâles ont des glandes à sels plus lourdes. Les canards colverts acclimatés à boire la solution saline ont les glandes à sels plus grandes, mais les reins, les surrénales et les glandes de Harder sont normales; leur proventricule a tendance à être plus court et plus léger; le jéjunum des mâles est plus allongé et l'iléum des deux sexes est plus long et plus lourd. Chez les canards de Pékin qui boivent de la solution saline, les glandes à sels et les glandes de Harder sont plus grandes et les reins, mais non les surrénales, ont tendance à être élargis; le proventricule n'est pas affecté, mais chez les femelles le petit intestin est plus léger, mais il n'est pas raccourci. Chez le canard de Pékin, les masses du corps, de la glande à sels, de la glande de Harder, du ventricule et du duodénum varient en fonction de la saison. Les effets de la saison et du sexe sur les masses relatives des organes font l'...

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Effects of saline acclimation and cecal ligation on body water and water flux in male and female Pekin ducks

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Redistribution of Extracellular Water and Sodium May Contribute to Saline Tolerance in Wild Ducks

Redistribution of Extracellular Water and Sodium May Contribute to Saline Tolerance in Wild Ducks

Morphological and Pathological Effects of Cadmium Ingestion on Pekin Ducks Exposed to Saline

Effects of saline intake, sex, and season on Pekin duck osmoregulatory organ masses and comparison with wild Mallards

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