Effects of salt loading and various therapies on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in young spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ziegelhöffer-Mihalovičová, Barbara; Arnold, Nicole Lynn; Marx, Grit; Tannapfel, Andrea; Zimmer, Heinz‐Gerd; Raßler, Beate

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.041

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Elevated sympathetic activity, ANG II, endogenous Na/K-ATPase inhibitors and other influences exert their hypertensive effects mainly via vascular smooth muscles inducing vasoconstriction, and this reaction is more pronounced on high salt intake. Heart catheterization in six month old SHRs showed that mean aortic pressure (MAP) of SHRs under normal salt intake was 62% higher than in age-matched WKY, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) was mildly but not significantly increased [11]. In this study, salt loading (1% NaCl in drinking water) in SHRs did not further increase MAP, while TPR was almost doubled compared to WKY.…”

Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In SHRs with and without salt loading, we observed heart rate in control SHRs to be about 6% higher than in normotensive WKY, while heart rate in salt-loaded SHRs was 18% higher than in WKY. Treatment with the ACEI captopril reduced heart rate to control levels despite sustained salt-loading [11]. In humans, altered baroreflex sensitivity is associated with genetic polymorphism in aldosterone synthase indicating at least a partially hereditary basis for this baroreflex variation [60].…”

Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three different treatments, an ACEI (captopril), a β-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) or a calcium antagonist (verapamil), were compared in the salt-loaded SHRs. All reduced TPR but this decrease was most pronounced and only significant with captopril that completely abolished the effect of salt-loading [11]. …”

Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many patients are not willing to lower their salt intake, although increased salt consumption may compromise the therapeutic effects of antihypertensive drugs. In a study on SHRs at increased salt intake, several pharmacological lines of antihypertensive treatment failed to reduce blood pressure, despite the fact that the chosen drug doses had been reported to be sufficient for hypotensive effects at normal salt intake [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Animal Models and Humans

Raßler

2010

Pharmaceuticals

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Hypertension is still one of the major causes of death from cardiovascular failure. Increased salt intake may aggravate the rise in blood pressure and the development of consequential damage of the heart, the vessels and other organs. The general necessity of restricted salt intake regardless of blood pressure or salt sensitivity has been a matter of debate over the past decades. This review summarizes the main pathogenic mechanisms of hypertension and salt sensitivity in rat models, particularly in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Although SHRs are commonly considered to be salt-resistant, there is much evidence that salt loading may deteriorate blood pressure and cardiovascular function even in these animals. Similarly, EH is not a homogenous disorder – some patients, but not all, exhibit pronounced salt sensitivity. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt and fluid homeostasis and thus is one of the main targets of antihypertensive therapy. This review focuses on the contribution of the RAS to the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension in SHRs and patients with EH.

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Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenetic Processes In the Development Of Salt Sensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Animal Models and Humans

Raßler

2010

Pharmaceuticals

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“…[2] Similarly, 12-week-old SHRs develop cardiac hypertrophy when subjected to high salt intake. [3] LVH significantly contributes to impairment of cardiac systolic and diastolic function with serious implication on hemodynamics. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has thus been identified as an important predictor of prognosis in cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on the left ventricle myocardium of high salt-fed adult Wistar rats

Saka¹,

Komolafe²,

Ogunlade³

et al. 2016

Anatomy

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on the morphology of myocardium of left ventricle in high salt-fed diet Wistar rats.Methods: Twenty-five female Wistar rats weighing 130-180 g were divided into five groups (n=5, each). Group A were fed with standard laboratory pellets, while Groups B, C, D and E were fed a high-salt diet for five weeks. Following this, daily administration of aqueous garlic extract was done orally to Groups C, D and E, respectively for 3 weeks. The left ventricle of the heart was excised, processed in paraffin wax and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson stains. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple comparisons. Results:We found that the relative change in heart weight in the high salt-fed group was lower, though not statistically significant (p=0.175) than the control group. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma levels of sodium and potassium in Group B when compared with control, but this was dose-dependently reversed by aqueous garlic extract in Groups D and E. Histological and histochemical results revealed morphological alterations in the left ventricle of Group B which were also reversed in Groups D and E. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that high salt diet-induced histochemical and histomorphological changes in the left ventricle of Wistar rats were significantly reversed by oral administration of garlic extract.

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Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis

Roché

Czubryt

2015

Cardiac Fibrosis and Heart Failure: Cause or Effect?

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Effects of salt loading and various therapies on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in young spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Animal Models and Humans

The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Animal Models and Humans

Effects of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on the left ventricle myocardium of high salt-fed adult Wistar rats

Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis

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