Effects of Sand/Fly Ash and the Water/Solid Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Engineered Geopolymer Composite and Mix Design Optimization

Zahid, Muhammad; Shafiq, Nasir

doi:10.3390/min10040333

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Reviews on the efficiency of data collection methods [ 66 , 67 ] indicates that the DM and BBD methods are the most efficient, but most of concrete-related studies used the CCD method in designing the experiments. The reason for selecting this method was not specified in several studies [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Yet, according to Nambiar and Ramamurthy [ 71 ], the CCD allows equal precision of estimates in all directions.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of all the literature reviewed, many researchers used the Minitab software to conduct the RSM experimental design and data analysis [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Design Expert were also favored by several others [ 68 , 69 ], while one study used the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to perform the experiment [ 71 ]. Since BBD and CCD are the two methods provided in Minitab, this may explain why the said methods are frequently adopted.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since BBD and CCD are the two methods provided in Minitab, this may explain why the said methods are frequently adopted. While the RSM is able to handle larger number of variables, most researchers use it to design experiments involving two [ 75 , 77 , 78 , 79 ] or three [ 68 , 69 , 70 ] variables, presumably to make full use of the contour plot, which can represent the effect of two variables as commonly used in design codes such as Eurocode 2 [ 70 ].…”

Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Experiment on Concrete Mechanical Properties Prediction: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Concrete mix design and the determination of concrete performance are not merely engineering studies, but also mathematical and statistical endeavors. The study of concrete mechanical properties involves a myriad of factors, including, but not limited to, the amount of each constituent material and its proportion, the type and dosage of chemical additives, and the inclusion of different waste materials. The number of factors and combinations make it difficult, or outright impossible, to formulate an expression of concrete performance through sheer experimentation. Hence, design of experiment has become a part of studies, involving concrete with material addition or replacement. This paper reviewed common design of experimental methods, implemented by past studies, which looked into the analysis of concrete performance. Several analysis methods were employed to optimize data collection and data analysis, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression, Taguchi method, Response Surface Methodology, and Artificial Neural Network. It can be concluded that the use of statistical analysis is helpful for concrete material research, and all the reviewed designs of experimental methods are helpful in simplifying the work and saving time, while providing accurate prediction of concrete mechanical performance.

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Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Experiment on Concrete Mechanical Properties Prediction: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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“…However, only a few research studies have focused on the FRC matrix's non-linear behavior, and they mostly studied steel fibers [27]. Zahid et al [28] have recently published research on the post-cracking and fracture behavior of engineered geopolymer concrete using PVA fibers. The novelty of the current work is the detailed investigation of post cracking performance of concrete containing copper coated steel and PVA fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Post-Cracking Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing Copper-Coated Steel and PVA Fibers in 100% Cement and Fly Ash Concrete

2021

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This experimental study investigated the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and copper-coated steel (CCS) on the mechanical properties and the post cracking behavior of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). In designing high-performance concrete mixes, cement replacement materials are the essential ingredients. Therefore, the research objective was to investigate PVA and CCS fiber’s post-cracking performance in 100% cement concrete and concrete with 80% cement and 20% fly ash. The fiber content was fixed as a 0.3% volumetric fraction. CSS fibers required 15% more superplasticizer to achieve the desired slump of fresh concrete than the PVA fibers. Simultaneously, CCS fibers showed a 10% higher compressive strength than the concrete made of PVA fibers. Both fibers exhibited a similar effect in developing tensile and flexural strength. PVA fibers showed a value of 47 Gpa of secant modulus, and CCS fibers resulted in 37 Gpa in 100% cement concrete. In post-cracking behavior, CCS fibers showed better performance than the PVA fibers. The reason for this is that CCS showed 2.3 times the tensile strength of the PVA fibers. In comparing the two concretes, fly ash concrete showed about 10% higher compressive strength at 56 days and about 6% higher tensile and flexural strength. Similarly, fly ash concrete showed more than 15% first crack strength and flexural toughness than the 100% cement concrete in post-cracking behavior. Fiber-reinforced concrete containing PVA or CCS fibers showed enhanced post-cracking characteristics and its use could be preferred in structural applications.

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“…Since then, scientists around the world have begun studying these emerging composites including their processing, curing, mechanical properties, microstructure, and so forth. To date, EGCs using mainly fly ash as a precursor for GP binders have been studied (23)(24)(25)(26). However, recent studies have also evaluated the use of combinations of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) (25,27), and fly ash and metakaolin (28,29) as GP precursors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sand Type and PVA Fiber Content on the Properties of Metakaolin Based Engineered Geopolymer Composites

AbuFarsakh

Arce

Hassan

et al. 2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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This study investigates the mechanical and physical properties of engineered geopolymer composites (EGCs) consisting of metakaolin (MK) based geopolymer (GP) binder, microsilica sand (MS) or river sand (RS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber. Plain GP matrices and fiber-reinforced composites were studied. Aspects of the material composition evaluated here included binder composition, aggregate type, and fiber content. Compressive strength test results revealed that GP mortars presented greater compressive strength than pure GP binders. Moreover, the addition of PVA fibers produced an important increment in compressive strength while increases in fiber content generally enhanced compressive strength. MS composites tended to produce higher compressive strength than RS composites. While exhibiting low densities (i.e., 1.80–1.94 g/cm3), the composite materials evaluated exceeded the compressive strength of regular concrete (i.e., 30 MPa). Furthermore, the best performing composite presented a compressive strength of 57.5 MPa, thus falling in the category of high-strength concrete. The EGC-like tensile pseudo strain-hardening (PSH) behavior of MK-based GP composites was confirmed by a uniaxial tensile test with MS-composites exhibiting greater tensile strength and ductility compared with RS composites; yet, robust PSH behavior was not achieved mainly because of a lack of proper fiber dispersion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed unreacted metakaolin particles in some areas within the geopolymer gel of both GP binders evaluated in this study, suggesting incomplete geopolymerization in the binder. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microchemical analysis of a geopolymer gel encountered close agreement between the target composition of the GP binders produced and the actual chemical composition encountered in the specimens evaluated.

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Effects of Sand/Fly Ash and the Water/Solid Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of Engineered Geopolymer Composite and Mix Design Optimization

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Design of Experiment on Concrete Mechanical Properties Prediction: A Critical Review

Design of Experiment on Concrete Mechanical Properties Prediction: A Critical Review

Mechanical and Post-Cracking Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing Copper-Coated Steel and PVA Fibers in 100% Cement and Fly Ash Concrete

Effect of Sand Type and PVA Fiber Content on the Properties of Metakaolin Based Engineered Geopolymer Composites

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