Effects of saturation deficit on desiccation resistance and water balance in seasonal populations of a tropical drosophilid-<i>Zaprionus indianus</i>

Kalra, Bhawna; Parkash, Ravi

doi:10.1242/jeb.141002

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Saturation deficit, derived from temperature and humidity measurements was used. It is the deficit between the amount of moisture in the air and the amount of moisture the air can hold when it is saturated, making it a more meaningful measure for micro-climatic effects on insects which try to avoid desiccation 42,43 . Host-choice of An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania

Kreppel

Viana

Main

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Despite significant reductions in malaria transmission across Africa since 2000, progress is stalling. this has been attributed to the development of insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptations in malaria vectors. Whilst insecticide resistance has been widely investigated, there is poorer understanding of the emergence, dynamics and impact of mosquito behavioural adaptations. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of malaria vector host choice over 3 years and resting behaviour over 4 years following a mass long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution in Tanzania. By pairing observations of mosquito ecology with environmental monitoring, we quantified longitudinal shifts in host-choice and resting behaviour that are consistent with adaptation to evade LLins. the density of An. funestus s.l., declined significantly through time. In tandem, An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.l. exhibited an increased rate of outdoor relative to indoor resting; with An. arabiensis reducing the proportion of blood meals taken from humans in favour of cattle. By accounting for environmental variation, this study detected clear evidence of intra-specific shifts in mosquito behaviour that could be obscured in shorter-term or temporally-coarse surveys. This highlights the importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to vector control, and the value of longer-term behavioural studies. Malaria remains a major public health concern in Africa despite a vast reduction in cases and deaths over the last decade 1, 2. Malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp.) are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, with the primary vectors in Africa belonging to the Anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex and Anopheles funestus group 3. Vector control, primarily using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), remains the primary strategy for reducing malaria transmission. Both these strategies rely on exploitation of the behavioural predisposition of many African vector species to feed on humans (anthrophagy) and rest inside houses (endophily) 4. These interventions have generated substantial declines in malaria prevalence in many African settings 1 , including the near eradication of highly anthropophagic and endophilic vector species in some areas 5-7. Residual malaria transmission persists even where LLIN and IRS coverage is high 8, 9 due to a combination of biological, social and health systems factors; with adaptive changes occurring in vector populations likely playing a major role. There has been widespread development of physiological insecticide resistance (IR) in vectors 10, 11. Additionally, vectors may adapt their behaviour to minimize contact with insecticides in houses by, for example, biting people before they go to bed, biting and resting outdoors, or switching to feed on livestock instead of humans 12-15. While IR has been extensively investigated and widely documented 16 , there is poorer

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania

Kreppel

Viana

Main

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…spring-summer versus autumn-winter) could show different desiccation and thermal resistance in relation to the seasonal salinity levels of their habitat (e.g. Kalra and Parkash, 2016).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Linking Tolerance To Salinity and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic insects in a multistress environment: cross-tolerance to salinity and desiccation

Pallarés

Botella‐Cruz

Arribas

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Exposing organisms to a particular stressor may enhance tolerance to a subsequent stress, when protective mechanisms against the two stressors are shared. Such cross-tolerance is a common adaptive response in dynamic multivariate environments and often indicates potential co-evolution of stress traits. Many aquatic insects in inland saline waters from Mediterranean-climate regions are sequentially challenged with salinity and desiccation stress. Thus, cross-tolerance to these physiologically similar stressors could have been positively selected in insects of these regions. We used adults of the saline water beetles Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae) and Nebrioporus baeticus (Dytiscidae) to test cross-tolerance responses to desiccation and salinity. In independent laboratory experiments, we evaluated the effects of (i) salinity stress on the subsequent resistance to desiccation and (ii) desiccation stress (rapid and slow dehydration) on the subsequent tolerance to salinity. Survival, water loss and haemolymph osmolality were measured. Exposure to stressful salinity improved water control under subsequent desiccation stress in both species, with a clear cross-tolerance (enhanced performance) in N. baeticus. In contrast, general negative effects on performance were found under the inverse stress sequence. The rapid and slow dehydration produced different water loss and haemolymph osmolality dynamics that were reflected in different survival patterns. Our finding of cross-tolerance to salinity and desiccation in ecologically similar species from distant lineages, together with parallel responses between salinity and thermal stress previously found in several aquatic taxa, highlights the central role of adaption to salinity and co-occurring stressors in arid inland waters, having important implications for the species' persistence under climate change.

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“…Previous studies on Z. indianus ’ morphological, physiological, and life‐history traits have proved a high degree of plasticity and flexibility during the geographic expansion to the American continent (Karan et al, 1999; Loh & Bitner‐Mathé, 2005; David et al, 2006b; Loh et al, 2008; da Mata et al 2010; Bitner‐Mathé & David, 2015; Kalra & Parkash, 2016; Girish et al, 2018; Lavagnino et al, 2020a,b,c). The results presented here of a stable oviposition strategy do not follow this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited behavioral flexibility in oviposition behavior for the invasive fly Zaprionus indianus

Gramenos

Soto

Lavagnino

2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a fly species native to the Afrotropical biogeographic region (Chassagnar & Kraaijeveld, 1991; Yassin et al., 2008a,b). About 40 years ago, Z. indianus extended its geographical distribution from its native range in Africa to other areas in the world (Commar et al., 2012). It was found for the first time in South America in 1999 in the São Paulo city area, near the Atlantic coast of Brazil (Vilela, 1999). Since this initial record, Z. indianus has spread throughout the American continent, reaching latitudes from 34°S to 45-50°N (Lavagnino et al., 2020a). The most recent report is form Colombia (Butsca, 2021). Zaprionus indianus is now an established non-native species in the American continent that maintains stable populations in many natural or semi-natural environments and often expands its distribution (Commar et al., 2012;Fernandez Goya et al., 2020; Lavagnino et al., 2020a,b,c). Similar to other drosophilid species (Markow & O'Grady, 2005), females of this species lay eggs on rotten or damaged fruits that have been colonized by yeasts and bacteria, behaving as a secondary pest (

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Effects of saturation deficit on desiccation resistance and water balance in seasonal populations of a tropical drosophilid-Zaprionus indianus

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania

Emergence of behavioural avoidance strategies of malaria vectors in areas of high LLIN coverage in Tanzania

Aquatic insects in a multistress environment: cross-tolerance to salinity and desiccation

Limited behavioral flexibility in oviposition behavior for the invasive fly Zaprionus indianus

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