Effects of semen fractionation and dilution ratio on equine spermatozoal motility parameters

Varner, D. D.; Blanchard, T.L.; Love, C.C.; Garcia, M.C.; Kenney, R.M.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(87)90288-3

Cited by 108 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Time of SP exposure and concentration of SP seem to be of major importance concerning sperm motility, membrane integrity, viability and fertility (Bergeron & Manjunath, 2006). In most studies, short exposure to high concentrations of SP and storage (cooled or frozen) at low concentrations of SP are recommended (Varner et al, 1987;Jasko et al, 1992;Braun et al, 1994). In the study of Aurich et al (1996), SP was incubated for 10 min, indicating that membrane changes in spermatozoa occur even if there is just a short period of contact with SP (Aurich et al, 1996).…”

Section: <00001mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, high SP concentrations decrease sperm quality, while limited exposure of ejaculated spermatozoa to SP prior to semen processing is beneficial for motility and cell survival (Amann & Pickett, 1987;Varner et al, 1987;Moore et al, 2005). However, a minimum SP concentration seems to be necessary for sperm survival and protection against premature capacitation during cooled storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a minimum SP concentration seems to be necessary for sperm survival and protection against premature capacitation during cooled storage. Five to 20% SP are beneficial for sperm motion characteristics for up to 96 h of storage and are usually recommended for semen preservation (Varner et al, 1987;Jasko et al, 1991Jasko et al, , 1992Braun et al, 1994;Schembri et al, 2002;Katila et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2005;Love et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-dependent effects of homologous seminal plasma on motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thaw stallion epididymal spermatozoa

2015

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SUMMARYPreservation of epididymal spermatozoa is important to save genetic material of endangered species and breeds, or in case of unexpected injury, which will end the breeding career of valuable sires. Seminal plasma (SP) influences sperm quality in a dosedependent manner and its addition to preserved semen immediately before insemination may be beneficial for sperm fertility. Increased plasma membrane stability of epididymal spermatozoa reduces freezing injury of cells, and the addition of SP after freezing and thawing might have activating and protecting effects on spermatozoa within the female genital tract. In this study, epididymal spermatozoa were harvested by retrograde flush of the epididymal cauda immediately after routine castration and frozen. Seminal plasma was collected from other six stallions. Homologous SP (SP from the same species, but from a different animal) was added to frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 50 and 80% SP. Addition of SP increased sperm motility and influenced kinematic values in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Motility improved at concentrations of 20 and 50% SP, but did not further increase at 80% SP. There was no difference in sperm motility among SP from six different donor stallions regardless of the concentrations of SP (p > 0.05). Total and progressive motility of ten frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa samples collected from different stallions after dilution with extender and 5, 20, 50 or 80% SP differed significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, addition of homologous SP to frozen-thawed stallion epididymal spermatozoa immediately improved motility in a dose-dependent manner regardless of semen quality of SP donor stallions. This might positively influence fertility when SP is added before insemination. Moreover, there seems to be a threshold level of SP concentration for optimal improvement of sperm motility.

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Section: <00001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-dependent effects of homologous seminal plasma on motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thaw stallion epididymal spermatozoa

2015

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“…This method is preferred for stallions with low sperm concentration to avoid centrifugation of semen. Low concentration is a problem in cooled fresh semen storage, because adequate dilution of semen (1:4 = semen:extender) would result in too low sperm concentrations (<20 x 10 6 /ml) (Varner et al 1987). …”

Section: Semen Collection In Stallionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of stallion seminal plasma and their influence on spermatozoa

Katila¹,

Kareskoski²

2006

PHK

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SummaryThis review focuses on the composition of stallion seminal plasma and on its role as a storage medium of spermatozoa, with special reference to artificial insemination (AI). The stallion ejaculates in 6-9 jets resulting from urethral contractions, and these jets have characteristic volumes, sperm concentrations and composition. Different types of open-ended or closed artificial vaginas (AVs) are available for semen collection, and ejaculatory jets can be collected separately as a fractionated ejaculate, using an open-ended AV or an automated phantom (Equidame ® ). Seminal plasma influences spermatozoa during storage in different ways depending on dilution ratios, duration of storage and other factors. Beneficial effects have been reported after seminal plasma addition before freezing, but contradictory results show that short-term exposure (15 min) of sperm to seminal plasma has no effect on sperm motility or viability, and prolonged exposure (2, 4 or 6 h) to 5 or 20% seminal plasma in the freezing diluent is deleterious. The optimal proportion of seminal plasma for cooled storage seems to be fairly low. Figures from 0 to 20% have been reported in different studies. There is some evidence that the sperm-rich fractions of the ejaculate would be more suitable for freezing than the whole ejaculate or the sperm-low fractions. Seasonal and individual variation is seen in the composition and quality of stallion seminal plasma. Research on the biochemical composition of whole and fractionated stallion ejaculates, mainly concerning the levels of enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes and minerals, and compounds involved in the protection of sperm from oxidative damage is reviewed.Keywords: horse, reproduction, seminal plasma, spermatozoa, cryopreservation, cooled semen Zusammensetzung des Seminalplasmas beim Hengst und dessen Einfluss auf die SpermienDieser Übersichtsartikel befasst sich mit der Zusammensetzung des Seminalplasmas beim Hengst und dessen Bedeutung als Komponente in konserviertem Sperma unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der praktischen Anforderungen in der equinen Samenübertragung. Mithilfe urethraler Kontraktionen erfolgt die Ejakulation beim Hengst in 6-9 Fraktionen; diese Fraktionen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich des Volumens, der Spermienkonzentration und der Zusammensetzung. Verschiedene Typen (geschlossene und offene Modelle) künstlicher Vaginen werden zur Samengewinnung eingesetzt. Die verschiedenen Ejakulatfraktionen können manuell -mit offenem Scheidenmodell -oder mithilfe eines automatisierten Phantoms (Equidame ® ) separat gewonnen werden. Seminalplasma beeinflusst die Spermien während der Lagerung in Abhängigkeit vom Verdünnungsgrad, der Lagerungsdauer und weiteren Faktoren. Positive Effekte auf die Spermaqualität wurden durch Seminalplasmazugabe vor der Tiefgefrierung des Samens erzielt; im Gegensatz dazu wird jedoch beschrieben, dass eine kurzzeitige Exposition (15 Min.) von Spermien mit Seminalplasma keine Effekte auf Spermienmotilität und -viabilität bedingt, eine prolongierte...

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“…Several studies demonstrated deleterious effects of the presence of seminal plasma during storage of stallion and jackass semen (Varner et al, 1987;Jasko et al, 1991;Carver and Ball, 2002;Serres et al, 2002;Love et al, 2005;Moore et al, 2005;Miró et al, 2009), which effects are minimized by semen dilution. However, to achieve adequate dilution rates, minimum initial concentration is required, and often centrifugation of the total ejaculate is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and morphological characteristics of the first three jets of Pêga jackasses sperm-rich fraction

Carvalho

Filho

Palhares

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The first three jets of the sperm-rich fraction of Pêga jackasses were collected and assessed separately. Five fertile Pêga jackasses were used as semen donors and underwent fractionated semen collection, using an open model artificial vagina. The first three jets of the semen were collected separately and assessed for volume, sperm motility, vigor, concentration/mL of semen, and sperm morphology. These characteristics were compared between first, second and third jets and between jackasses. It was observed that the jet volume differed (P<0.05) between jackasses, although it was similar (P>0.05) between first, second and third jets. Sperm motility did not differ (P>0.05) between jets and jackasses. Vigor was similar (P>0.05) between jets of the same jackass, and only the first jet differed (P<0.05) between jackasses. The first, second and third jets of the sperm-rich fraction had decreased sperm concentrations (P<0.05) of 955.56, 725.56 and 280.56x 10 6 sperm/mL of semen, respectively. Sperm morphology differed between the first three jets only for the incidence of mid-piece defect, higher in the third one (4.26%), compared to the first (3.36%) and second (3.38%) ones. When comparing the morphological characteristics of the sperm-rich fraction between five jackasses, regardless of the jet, there were differences in the percentage of normal sperm, proximal cytoplasmic droplet, mid-piece and head defects.

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Effects of semen fractionation and dilution ratio on equine spermatozoal motility parameters

Cited by 108 publications

References 49 publications

Dose-dependent effects of homologous seminal plasma on motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thaw stallion epididymal spermatozoa

Dose-dependent effects of homologous seminal plasma on motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thaw stallion epididymal spermatozoa

Components of stallion seminal plasma and their influence on spermatozoa

Physical and morphological characteristics of the first three jets of Pêga jackasses sperm-rich fraction

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