Effects of Sex, Age and Comorbidities on the Risk of Infection and Death Associated with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of 47807 Confirmed Cases

Biswas, Mohitosh; Rahaman, Shawonur; Biswas, Tapash Kumar; Haque, Zahirul; Ibrahim, Baharudin

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3566146

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, infection rates might also be higher among the elderly if their immune system is less ecient at protecting them when they are in contact with an infected individual. Reviewing the early literature on the topic, Biswas et al (2020) do not nd signicantly dierent risk of infection between individuals younger than 50 years and individuals older than 50 years. More generally, we ignore many important questions that may arise in the presence of a trade-o between lives and livelihoods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lives and livelihoods: Estimates of the global mortality and poverty effects of the Covid-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lives and livelihoods: Estimates of the global mortality and poverty effects of the Covid-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding gender, males present a major risk for mortality than women (RR 1.86 95%CI 1.67-2.07) as reported in a recent meta-analysis focused on age and sex association with COVID-19 mortality [31].…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Patients living in long-term care facilities and people with underlying health conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, immune-compromised status, cancer, smoking and obesity, present a high risk of severe/fatal COVID-19. A few recent meta-analyses have confirmed that these underlying diseases and conditions are frequently present in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and in its dead cases [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the prediction, the OR/RR of the comorbidities in patients with severe/fatal COVID-19 compared with non-severe/fatal ranged from 1.94 to 6.66 for chronic respiratory diseases [31,40,44,47]; from 1.82 to 3.17 for hypertension; [31,32,38,40] [31,32,37,38,40]; from 1.48 to 3.07 for diabetes [31,38,40,48]; of 1.72 for obesity [32]. Nonunivocal results are reported for liver disease and COVID-19 [49,50].…”

Section: Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D in the Covid-19 era: a review with recommendations from a G.I.O.S.E.G. expert panel

et al. 2021

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Vitamin D (VITD) is a key hormone for bone health and has relevant extra-skeletal effects that might play a role in the prevention and treatment of COronaVIrus Disease 19 . Literature regarding this scenario is voluminous but controversial. Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis Skeletal Endocrinology Group (G.I.O.S.E.G) has been present in the scientific debate about the use of VITD and has regularly interfaced national regulatory agencies to ensure appropriateness of its employment. Given the current pandemic and the questions on COVID-19 and VITD, G.I.O.S.E.G. appointed an expert panel to advise how to consider this issue best. The results of these deliberations are reported in the current recommendation paper.

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“…It is alarming that COVID-19 patients with comorbidities especially with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases have been found to be associated with the highest adverse clinical outcomes e.g. deaths 6,7 . This may lead to clinical concerns that patients who are taking ACEIs/ARBs for combating cardiovascular diseases along with hypertension and diabetes are at an increased risk for becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 and were being at the highest risk of worst clinical outcomes 1,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Biswas

Kali

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of COVID-19 is highly debated. It was aimed to assess aggregated risk by investigating the association of ACEIs/ARBs users against non-users of ACEIs/ARBs with the risk of mortality or severe clinical manifestations or magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients. Systematic literature search was carried out in different databases for eligible studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) were measured using RevMan software where P<0.05 was set as statistical significance. In total, 10 studies were included in this analysis. After pooled estimation, it was demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 positive patients taking ACEIs/ARBs were not associated with increased risk of mortality as compared to those not taking ACEIs/ARBs (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.64-1.23; P=0.48). Further, the risk of composite severe clinical manifestations was not found significantly different between the positive patients with or without ACEIs/ARBs users (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.81-2.04; P=0.28). There was no risk difference for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in patients with or without ACEIs/ARBs users (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.95-1.05; P=0.91). These findings may augment current professional society guidelines for not discontinuing ACEIs/ARBs in treating COVID-19 patients where it is clinically indicated.

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Effects of Sex, Age and Comorbidities on the Risk of Infection and Death Associated with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of 47807 Confirmed Cases

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Lives and livelihoods: Estimates of the global mortality and poverty effects of the Covid-19 pandemic

Lives and livelihoods: Estimates of the global mortality and poverty effects of the Covid-19 pandemic

Vitamin D in the Covid-19 era: a review with recommendations from a G.I.O.S.E.G. expert panel

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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