Effects of sex and protein and energy levels in the diet on the blood parameters of the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar)

Abstract

1. The effects of sex and dietary composition were investigated in 48 male and 48 female 16-week old chukar partridges. 2. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 concentration of crude protein (CP) and 4 concentration of metabolizable energy (ME). 3. Blood samples were collected at 16 weeks of age and analysed for total protein, triglycerides, uric acid, total cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chlorine. 4. There were no significant effects of sex on the measured parameters. 5. Serum total protein was highest in partridges fed on a diet containing 200/175 g CP/kg (starter grower). Serum cholesterol concentrations of partridge fed the diet with 240/200 or 280/225 g CP/kg were significantly higher than that for partridge fed diets containing a lower gCP/kg. 6. Serum total protein and glucose levels significantly decreased as dietary energy level was increased. Serum triglycerides and calcium were highest in partridge fed on the diets containing 13.39/13.81 and 11.71/12.55 ME MJ/kg, respectively. Serum phosphorus and chloride levels were highest in partridges given the diet containing 10.88/11.92 ME MJ/kg. 7. There were significant interactions between the effects of CP and ME on serum triglycerides, sodium and potassium levels. 8 The results of this study suggested that dietary CP, and especially ME concentration, significantly affect blood parameters in chukar partridge.

Effects of two diets on the haematology, plasma chemistry and intestinal flora of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

“…Both groups of budgerigars in the present study had higher concentrations of cholesterol than reported in the literature (Fudge 2000). A study in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) showed that higher dietary concentrations of crude protein and metabolisable energy significantly increased the concentration of triglycerides (Ozek and Bahtiyarca 2004). However, in the present study, higher triglyceride levels were observed in the birds fed the seed diet, although both diets contained similar concentrations of crude protein ( Table 2).…”

Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on digestive enzyme activities and electrolyte composition in the small intestinal fluid of geese

“…The concentration of electrolytes in the intestine was mainly correlated with three factors: the supplement of the diets, the secretions of gastrointestinal organs and the absorption of enterocytes (Case & Clausen ; Dintzis et al ; Schwartz et al ), resulting in the stable concentrations of major ions (Hendrix & Bayless ; Ren et al ). Ozek and Bahtiyarca () have demonstrated no significant effects were determined on the concentration of digesta Na + by protein levels or energy levels, but remarkable effects of interactions were observed between protein and energy levels on serum Na + concentration, which implied the function of Na + as a member of sodium‐dependent dicarboxylate transporter family participating in the krebs cycle and the metabolism of protein (Pajor ). Therefore, digesta Na + was not affected by protein and energy levels in the intestine, which is consistent with the results in this study and in those of Ren et al ().…”

“…The concentration of electrolytes in the intestine was mainly correlated with three factors: the supplement of the diets, the secretions of gastrointestinal organs and the absorption of enterocytes (Case & Clausen 1973;Dintzis et al 1995;Schwartz et al 1974), resulting in the stable concentrations of major ions (Hendrix & Bayless 1970;Ren et al 2012). Ozek and Bahtiyarca (2004) have demonstrated no significant effects were determined on the concentration of digesta Na + by Table 3 Effects of dietary protein level and energy level on the composition of electrolytes (mmol/L) and pH value…”

Effect of a prebiotic on performance of partridge

“…Biochemical analysis of blood is very important among the research that supports clinical findings. Biochemical analysis is used to support a diagnosis, to determine a cure for the disease, or to control the applied cure, to evaluate and to interpret the results of the research (Ozek et al., ). The results of this study showed that prebiotic Aspergillus meal supplementation decreased triglyceride and total cholesterol at 16 week of age.…”