“…These TCMs include Lycium barbarum (Luo et al, 2006), ginseng (De Andrade et al, 2007), Epimedium (Rowland and Tai, 2003), deer antler (Cervus pantotrichum) (Malo et al, 2005), and sea horse (Hippocampus kelloggii) (Low and Tan, 2007). Herbal medicines, such as Gosha-Jinki-Gan (a compound including radix Rehmaniae Preparate, dogwood, astragalus, and 13 other herbs) and Shao-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang (a compound including fennel, dried ginger, Rhizoma Corydalis, and seven other component herbs), have been described as improving self-esteem, libido, morning erection, rigidity of the penis, and the duration and quality of ejaculation in men with mild erectile dysfunction, are sperm antioxidants, and improve various semen parameters, such as the sperm count and concentration, viability, mobility, and morphology (Huynh et al, 2000;Rodriguez-Martinez, 2006;Yang et al, 2003). After the administration of Hochu-ekki-to (a compound including astragalus, ginseng, Chinese angelica, and five other herbs), serum soluble FAS levels in the seminal plasma, which correlate with the sperm concentration, were significantly elevated (Furuya et al, 2004).…”