Effects of short-fiber shape on tensile properties of reinforced rubber

Evaluation of silanes in SBR 1502 / Telinne Monspessulana flour composites

“…The maximum increase in hardness was achieved by the compound prepared with fiber grafted with APTES and VTMS. The addition of silanes can in some way increase the hardness, which is consistent with other studies into chitosan and sisal [7,20,21] . There is a relationship of hardness to elastic modulus, the highest hardness values also have greater Young's modulus (Figure 2).…”

“…The modulus of elasticity was significantly higher in composites prepared with fiber previously grafted with APTES and VTMS silanes, with an increase in the modulus of elasticity of 28% and 37%, respectively, compared to the control (see Figure 2). These results in the modulus match the trends of other studies of hemp and wood with silane coupling agents [7,[20][21][22] where the modulus of elasticity improved because the presence of the coupling agent allowed a more uniform dispersion in the rubber matrix allowing a strong interfacial bonding with fiber. The direct addition of the silanes did not significantly affect the modulus of elasticity regardless of the fiber treatment.…”

“…In Figure 3 the tensile strength results are presented. The incorporation of APTES as a coupling agent did not affect the values of tensile strength compared to the control, while the incorporation of VTMS increased tensile strength regardless of the mode of addition; the maximum value was obtained with direct addition using untreated flour and was 30% higher compared to the control, due to the improvement of the transfer of stress in particle-polymer interface [20,22] .…”

Effect of gamma radiation on physico-mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber/carbon fiber composites

“…Such a process is used in extrusion and transfer molding techniques that are well known in the rubber industry. 1 The properties of short fiber-reinforced rubber depend on the fiber aspect ratio, fiber content, fiber dispersion, fiber orientation, and fiber-matrix adhesion. 2 The primary effects of short-fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of rubber include increased modulus, increased strength with good bonding for a high fiber content, decreased elongation at rupture, increased hardness even with relatively low fiber content, and possible improvements in resistance to cuts, tears, and punctures.…”

“…The dry weight of NR consists of more than 90% of cis-1,4-isoprene (weight-average molecular weight = 4106 Da) and less than 10% of nonrubber constituents, like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, resins, and inorganic salts. 7 Despite the development of chemosynthetic rubbers, NR is still produced in large amounts (107 tons year 1 ) from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis and is used for the production of automobile and aircraft tyres, latex gloves, hoses, belts, and so on. Natural rubber has been the most widely accepted rubbery material because of its excellent gum strength, elasticity, and low-temperature performance.…”