Effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Gahr, Scott A.; Vallejo, Roger L.; Weber, Gregory M.; Shepherd, Brian S.; Silverstein, Jeffrey T.; Rexroad, Caird E.

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00142.2007

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with previous data showing alterations in many processes including nutritional requirements, energetics, muscle fibre structure, and cartilage deposition in transgenic fish (25,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Complex effects on metabolism and GH receptor expression have also been observed in liver and muscle in rainbow trout treated with GH protein (36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Devlin

Sakhrani²,

Tymchuk³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

105

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Domestication has been extensively used in agricultural animals to modify phenotypes such as growth rate. More recently, transgenesis of growth factor genes [primarily growth hormone (GH)] has also been explored as a rapid approach to accelerating performance of agricultural species. Growth rates of many fishes respond dramatically to GH gene transgenesis, whereas genetic engineering of domestic mammalian livestock has resulted in relatively modest gains. The most dramatic effects of GH transgenesis in fish have been seen in relatively wild strains that have undergone little or no selection for enhanced growth, whereas genetic modification of livestock necessarily has been performed in highly domesticated strains that already possess very rapid growth. Such fast-growing domesticates may be refractory to further stimulation if the same regulatory pathways are being exploited by both genetic approaches. By directly comparing gene expression in wild-type, domestic, and GH transgenic strains of coho salmon, we have found that domestication and GH transgenesis are modifying similar genetic pathways. Genes in many different physiological pathways show modified expression in domestic and GH transgenic strains relative to wild-type, but effects are strongly correlated. Genes specifically involved in growth regulation (IGF1, GHR, IGF-II, THR) are also concordantly regulated in domestic and transgenic fish, and both strains show elevated levels of circulating IGF1. Muscle expression of GH in nontransgenic strains was found to be elevated in domesticated fish relative to wild type, providing a possible mechanism for growth enhancement. These data have implications for genetic improvement of existing domesticated species and risk assessment and regulation of emerging transgenic strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Devlin

Sakhrani²,

Tymchuk³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

105

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show abstract

“…For IGF-I this is consistent with previous reports in fish including our own transgenic tilapia (Eppler et al 2007a) that GH treatment stimulates liver IGF-I gene expression. For IGF-II expression, no GH effect was found in gilthead seabream (Duguay et al 1996) but, in accordance with our results, GH increased IGF-II mRNA levels in rainbow trout, common carp and Japanese eel (Shamblott et al 1995;Vong et al 2003;Moriyama et al 2008), and in rainbow trout and redbanded seabream, similar to our findings in tilapia, more pronouncedly than IGF-I mRNA (Gahr et al 2008;Ponce et al 2008). IGF-II mRNA in muscle was similarly increased in the GH-overexpressing fish as found previously for IGF-I mRNA (Eppler et al 2007a) which suggests that expression of both IGFs in muscle is under control by GH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Distinct organ-specific up- and down-regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in various organs of a GH-overexpressing transgenic Nile tilapia

et al. 2009

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Several lines of GH-overexpressing fish have been produced and characterized concerning organ integrity, growth, fertility and health but few and contradictory data are available on IGF-I that mediates most effects of GH. Furthermore, nothing is known on IGF-II. Thus, the expression of both IGFs in liver and various extrahepatic sites of adult transgenic (GH-overexpressing) tilapia and age-matched wild-type fish was determined by real-time PCR. Both IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were found in all organs investigated and were increased in gills, kidney, intestine, heart, testes, skeletal muscle and brain of the transgenics (IGF-I: 1.4-4-fold; IGF-II: 1.7-4.2-fold). Except for liver, brain and testis the increase in IGF-I mRNA was higher than that in IGF-II mRNA. In pituitary, no significant change in IGF-I or IGF-II mRNA was detected. In spleen, however, IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were both decreased in the transgenics, IGF-I mRNA even by the 19-fold. In agreement, in situ hybridisation revealed a largely reduced number of IGF-I mRNA-containing leukocytes and macrophages when compared to wild-type. These observations may contribute to better understanding the reported impaired health of GH-transgenic fish. Growth enhancement of the transgenics may be due to the increased expression of both IGF-I and IGF-II in extrahepatic sites. It is also reasonable that the markedly enhanced expression of liver IGF-II mRNA that may mimick an early developmental stage is a further reason for increased growth.

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“…Surprisingly, this microarray analysis detected only a small set of genes coding for hepatic enzymes, most notably fatty acid desaturase and prostaglandin D synthase. Similarly, a more recent study evaluating the transcriptional response of the rainbow trout liver to a short-term (3 days) treatment with GH and using the same GRASP microarray also reported changes in a small set of genes, very few of those corresponding to hepatic enzymes (Gahr et al 2008). In this study, the two major functional categories that responded to administration of GH were genes involved in metabolism and immune response.…”

Section: Transcriptional Changes In the Liver In Relation To Growth Asupporting

confidence: 62%

“…However, until very recently, global transcriptional changes in muscle of GH transgenic salmon had not been evaluated using high-throughput approaches. A recent study has reported on the effects of exogenous bovine GH administration on the rainbow trout muscle transcriptome using the GRASP 16 K cDNA microarray (Gahr et al 2008). In this study, GH was injected in fish from two different rainbow trout families, selected for low-and high-growth rates, and different sets of genes up-and down-regulated were identified in white muscle mediating cellular processes such as cell cycle, immune response, metabolism or protein degradation.…”

Section: Transcriptomic Changes In Skeletal Muscle Related To Muscle mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Approaches in Aquaculture and Fisheries

Cancela

Bargelloni

Boudry

et al. 2010

Introduction to Marine Genomics

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Despite the enormous input into the worldwide development of fish and shellfish farming in the recent decades, in part as an attempt to minimize the impact of fishing on already overexploited natural populations, the application of genomics to aquaculture and fisheries remains poorly developed. Improving state-of-the-art genomics research in various aquaculture systems, as well as its industrial applications, remains one of the major challenges in this area and should be the focus of well developed strategies to be implemented in the next generation of projects. This chapter will first provide an overview of the genomic tools and resources available, then discuss the application of genomic approaches to the improvement of fish and shellfish farming (e.g. breeding, reproduction, growth, nutrition and product quality), including the evaluation of stock diversity and the use of selection procedures. The chapter will also discuss the use of genomic approaches to study and monitor natural fish and shellfish populations and to understand interactions within their ecosystems.

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Effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract: Gahr SA, Vallejo RL, Weber GM, Shepherd BS, Silverstein JT, Rexroad CE 3rd. Effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Cited by 62 publications

References 64 publications

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Distinct organ-specific up- and down-regulation of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in various organs of a GH-overexpressing transgenic Nile tilapia

Genomic Approaches in Aquaculture and Fisheries

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