Effects of Single Moxibustion on Cutaneous Blood Vessel and Microvascular Permeability in Mice

Okazaki, Masako; Aizawa, Shigekatsu; Yamauchi, Mayumi; Oguchi, Katsuji

doi:10.1142/s0192415x90000162

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Some people think that this treatment is essentially a physical thermal effect [33]. Other experiments have confirmed that a single Zhuang (unit of dosage of moxibustion) of moxa cone (2 mg) moxibustion administered to the mouse abdomen can raise the temperature of the mouse's skin to 130°C and that of the area beneath the skin to 56°C [34]. Some have observed the impact of moxibustion at different distances on local skin temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Moxibustion: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Deng

Shen

2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Moxibustion is a traditional medical treatment originating in China. It involves using the heat of burning moxa to stimulate acupoints. It is considered safe and effective and is widely used throughout the world. The increasing use of moxibustion has drawn attention to the procedure's adverse events (AEs). This review covers a total of 64 cases of AEs associated with moxibustion in 24 articles, reported in six countries. Some evidence of the risks of moxibustion has been found in these cases. AEs include allergies, burns, infection, coughing, nausea, vomiting, fetal distress, premature birth, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), ectropion, hyperpigmentation, and even death. The position, duration, distance between moxa and skin, proficiency of the practitioners, conditions of the patients, presence of smoke, and even the environment of treatment can affect the safety of moxibustion. Improving practitioner skill and regulating operations may reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and improve the security of moxibustion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Moxibustion: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Deng

Shen

2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Experiment confirmed that single Zhuang (a dose unit of moxibustion) of moxa cone (2 mg) moxibustion on mice abdomen can raise the temperature to 130°C outside the skin of the point and 56°C inside the skin; the same changes of temperature were not observed in the forelimb far away from the stimulation site [8]. By using 50 mg moxa cone direct moxibustion on the skin of mice with thermocouple implanted, the temperatures of epidermal, subcutaneous, and basal layers were different; the results suggested that moxibustion thermal stimulation affects both shallow and deep tissues of the skin [9].…”

Section: Mechanism Research Of Moxibustionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Effects of moxibustion on the skin can appear as hottness, flushing, pain, blisters, and other skin irritations and burns phenomena. Moxibustion can lead to vasoconstriction at the burning point while vasodilatation around the point and increase peripheral arterial blood flow and microvascular permeability [8, 19]. Another thermal effect of moxibustion is to induce heat shock proteins (HSPs) in local tissues.…”

Section: Mechanism Research Of Moxibustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Moxibustion: Ancient Theory and Modern Research

Deng

Shen

2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

179

134

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The moxibustion has a dual effect of tonification and purgation in TCM theories, which are based on two aspects: the actions of the meridian system and the roles of moxa and fire. Modern research works of the moxibustion mechanism mainly relate to the thermal effects, radiation effects, and pharmacological actions of moxa and its combustion products. Experimental results showed that moxibustion thermal stimulation affects both shallow and deep tissues of the skin, and the warm-heat effects of moxibustion have a close relation to the warm receptors or/and the polymodal receptor. The burning moxa radiation spectrum ranges from 0.8 to 5.6 μm; peak is nearby 1.5 μm, lying within the near infrared portion. There is an amazing consistency in the infrared spectrums of three types of indirect moxibustion and the unified spectrum of acupoints; all have their peaks of radiation near 10 μm. Lots of ingredients had been identified from mugwort leaves and moxa smoke, which have a variety of biological activities; they were considered to participate in the comprehensive effects of moxibustion. Although lots of research works have been carried out and made some progress, there is still a great distance from fully understanding the mechanism of moxibustion.

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“…Acupuncture stimulation, which involves thrusting or twisting needles, results in various biochemical reactions that can have effects throughout the body; moxibustion uses heat stimulation at various temperatures, from mild skin warmth to tissue damage caused by burning. This heat stimulation can yield inflammatory responses and induce vasodilation by releasing mediators such as histamine and substance P around the site of moxibustion therapy [22,23]. According to TCM, the treatment of PD in clinical practice is usually started before menstruation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of moxibustion to treat primary dysmenorrhea at two interventional times: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Yang

Lao

et al. 2015

Trials

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BackgroundDysmenorrhea is a common menstrual complaint among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. The treatment of dysmenorrhea is typically selected from multidisciplinary options, including complementary and alternative medicine such as acupuncture and moxibustion. However, there are few published randomized controlled trials concerning moxibustion treatment for dysmenorrhea. This trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea, and to identify the optimal time of moxibustion treatment for primary dysmenorrhea.Methods/DesignThis protocol is for a randomized controlled trial in which the assessor and statistician will be blinded. A total of 222 eligible patients with dysmenorrhea will be randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio as treatment group A (treated before menstruation onset), treatment group B (treated at the onset of menstruation), or control group C (waiting list group). The participants assigned to the treatment groups will receive suspended moxibustion treatment at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (CV4), while the waiting list group will not receive moxibustion treatment until the completion of the study. The trial period will consist of three baseline menstrual cycles, three menstrual cycles of treatment, and three menstrual cycles in the follow-up period. The primary outcome will be measured by changes in the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale and the secondary outcomes will be measured using the Visual Analogue Scale, Cox Retrospective Symptom Scale, diary entries, the Self-rating Depression Scale, and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale. The safety of moxibustion will be assessed at every visit.DiscussionThis trial aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea, as well as to determine whether the optimal time of treatment for primary dysmenorrhea in clinical practice is before or after the onset of menstrual pain.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR-TRC-14004627, registered on 9 May 2014.

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Effects of Single Moxibustion on Cutaneous Blood Vessel and Microvascular Permeability in Mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Safety of Moxibustion: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Safety of Moxibustion: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

The Mechanism of Moxibustion: Ancient Theory and Modern Research

Use of moxibustion to treat primary dysmenorrhea at two interventional times: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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