Effects of smoking and aerobic exercise on male college students’ metabolic syndrome risk factors

Kim, Jee-Youn; Yang, Yuhao; Sim, Young-Je

doi:10.1589/jpts.30.595

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…many studies have found a positive association between conventional cigarette smoking and the metabolic syndrome [7][8][9][10][11] , few have examined the effects of e-cigarettes, on MetS and/or its risk factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cigarette type or smoking history: Which has a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and its components?

Jang

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Few studies have researched the gender-specific effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or its risk factors (central obesity, raised triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, raised fasting plasma glucose). Thus, this study investigated the association between smoking behavior (cigarette type, smoking history) and MetS in a nationally representative sample of Korean men and women. Our study employed data for 5,462 cases of MetS and 12,194 controls from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the years 2014 to 2017. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between type of cigarette (non-smoker, ex-smoker, and current smoker-conventional only, current smoker-conventional and electronic) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Smoking history was clinically quantified by pack-year. No association between cigarette type and MetS was found for men. For women, relative to non-smokers, smokers of conventional cigarettes (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02-3.18) and both conventional and electronic cigarettes (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.48-10.93) had increased odds of MetS. While there was no association between smoking history and MetS for women, for men, conventional smoking history was associated with MetS for individuals with a smoking history of > 25 pack-years (> 25 to ≤ 37.5 OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.02; > 37.5 to ≤ 50 OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.18; > 50 OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27). Sex differences were found in the association between smoking behavior and MetS. Such findings reveal sociodemographic differences that should be considered for interventions regarding conventional and/or e-cigarette users at risk of metabolic complications. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors (central obesity, raised triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, raised fasting plasma glucose) have been vital in helping identify individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a catalyst for heart disease, lipid problems, hypertension, dementia, cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 1 , the mechanisms underlying the development of MetS remain obscure. What is certain is that a growing body of literature asserts that various lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption 2 , diet, and physical activity 3 contribute to its onset. Electronic nicotine delivery systems, also known as e-cigarettes, are battery-powered products that deliver nicotine in the form of an aerosol 4. Currently, the ever use of e-cigarettes is 8.5% in the United States and 6.6% in South Korea 5. Often advertised as a "healthier" alternatives to conventional cigarettes or smoking cessation aids, e-cigarettes purportedly do not involve tobacco combustion and therefore, have reduced toxicant exposure compared to traditional cigarettes 6. However, research on long-term toxicity has been limited and studies attempting to show the effica...

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confidence: 99%

Cigarette type or smoking history: Which has a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and its components?

Jang

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Otra variable importante es la actividad física, donde el 58,7 % lleva una vida sedentaria que está relacionada con las cargas académicas grandes que conlleva el pregrado de Medicina, evidenciado por el tiempo que permanecen sentados, con un número de 110 personas que permanecen entre 6 y 10 horas sentadas al día (18). Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular están relacionados con aumento de peso, sedentarismo y agentes externos que aportan al deterioro futuro (19,20); en este caso, observamos que el 4,29 % son catalogados como fumadores leves.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Obesidad, riesgo cardiovascular y actividad física en estudiantes de Medicina de tres universidades colombianas. Estudio multicéntrico

Bados-Enriquez

Basante-Gómez

Benavides-Castellanos

et al. 2021

Rev.ACE

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Introducción: un cambio importante en salud pública que tuvo el siglo XXI fue el espectro del aumento del peso corporal como una pandemia. En la población de jóvenes y adultos en Colombia, 1 de cada 3 tiene sobrepeso (37,7 %), mientras que 1 de cada 5 es obeso (18,7 %). Metodología: se realizó un estudio multicéntrico descriptivo de corte transversal, en el que participaron tres universidades colombianas. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante análisis descriptivo para las variables de interés. Resultados: se seleccionaron 233 estudiantes de Medicina. Al analizar el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la mayoría de estos se encontraba en un rango de normalidad, con un 75 %, seguida por un 19,9 % correspondiente a los que clasificaron como sobrepeso. Con respecto a la actividad física, encontramos que el 46,7 % de los individuos realizan un alto nivel de actividad física. Discusión: nuestro estudio es acorde con la realidad global, ya que el 19,9 % de la población estudiada tiene sobrepeso. En cuanto a la actividad física, el 58,7 % lleva una vida sedentaria, evidenciada por el tiempo que se permanece sentado; de esta población, 110 individuos permanecen entre 6 y 10 horas sentados. Conclusiones: la investigación sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, obesidad y metabolismo cada vez se centra más en empezar a analizar estas variables desde sus inicios para evitar en un futuro la enfermedad cardiovascular.

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“…The energy and nutritional contents of the provided Japanese-style healthy lunch menu were based on the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (Japan Atherosclerosis Society, 2007) [9]. The criteria for vegetable intake matched those recommended by Healthy Japan 21.…”

Section: Concept Of a Japanese-style Healthy Lunch Menumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise and diet are important factors for the prevention and improvement of MS [7][8][9]. From interventional study reports, Mediterranean diet is effective for the prevention and improvement of MS and abdominal obesity [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of a Japanese-Style Healthy Lunch Has Possibilities of Contributing to the Normalization of Serum Lipids and Adipokines: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study

Inoue¹,

Sasaki²,

Kuwano³

2019

IJNFS

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To date, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing continuously worldwide; and recently, low vegetable consumption has become a major issue of concern in Japan. Furthermore, Japan is facing a shortfall in places offering food that can help prevent metabolic syndrome. Our study was designed to determine the influence of an ongoing healthy lunch on metabolic syndrome outcomes (blood pressure, serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, serum lipids) in adult middle-aged office male workers, in Japan. We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial among 38 middle-aged office male workers (control group: 7 males, intervention group: 31 males) with mostly low levels of physical activity, by providing a Japanese-style healthy lunch for 3 months (intervention group) at a workplace cafeteria. The control group consumed their habitual lunches without restriction and only the nutrient contents were assessed. Furthermore, the intervention group was divided into two (non-metabolic [non-MS] and metabolic syndrome [MS] groups) for analysis. Overall 38 males with a mean age of 47.2 ± 7.9 years were included. Abdominal circumference level (p<0.05), systolic and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure (p<0.01), as well as serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-Chol), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (p<0.001) and interleukin (IL-6) (p<0.01) decreased significantly after intervention compared with the baseline in the intervention/non-MS group and intervention/MS groups. Furthermore, ghrelin (p<0.001) and desacyl ghrelin (p<0.05) increased significantly after intervention compared with the baseline in the intervention/non-MS group and intervention/MS groups. These showed an effective outcome, demonstrated by the ongoing intake of a Japanese-style healthy lunch, of decreased blood pressure, serum TNF-α, IL-6, serum LDL-Chol and total cholesterol. This study presents new empirical data based on an original intervention program showing that the consumption of a Japanese-style healthy lunch containing many vegetables can help prevent and/or improve metabolic syndrome. The findings of this study could also lead to the opportunity for participants to practice following healthy menus at home. We therefore consider that this is valuable in promoting improvement in diet in the food environment at the workplace.

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Effects of smoking and aerobic exercise on male college students’ metabolic syndrome risk factors

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Cigarette type or smoking history: Which has a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and its components?

Cigarette type or smoking history: Which has a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and its components?

Obesidad, riesgo cardiovascular y actividad física en estudiantes de Medicina de tres universidades colombianas. Estudio multicéntrico

Intake of a Japanese-Style Healthy Lunch Has Possibilities of Contributing to the Normalization of Serum Lipids and Adipokines: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study

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