Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Healing After Mechanical Periodontal Therapy

Grossi, Sara G.; Zambon, Joseph J.; Machtei, Eli E.; Schifferle, Robert E.; Andreana, Sebastiano; Genco, Robert J.; Cummins, D.; Harrap, G. J.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0259

Cited by 164 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Haber & Kent [11] found that there were a higher percentage of current and former smokers with advanced periodontal destruction. Our study was inaccordance with the study done by Grossi et al, [12] who reported that the risk of having periodontitis was 2.05 times greater in moderate smokers and 4.75 times greater in heavy smokers than nonsmokers. However Mouzakiti et al, [4], he also found the PPD to be higher in chronic periodontitis nonsmokers in comparison to chronic periodontitis smokers which is in contrast with the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health

Visvanathan

Mahendra

Ambalavanan

et al. 2014

JCDR

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Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the effect of smoking on mRNA expression of MMP -8 and TIMP-1 in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and in periodontally healthy subjects and to examine the correlation of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels with clinical parameters. Materials and Methods:Out of 60 subjects, 40 were selected subjects for the study, and were divided into Group I (periodontitis subject) and Group II (healthy subjects). Each group was further subdivided into subgroups I-A (chronic periodontitis smokers CPS), and I-B (chronic periodontitis non-smokers CPN), subgroup II-A (healthy smokers HS) and II B (healthy non-smokers HS). Both the groups underwent periodontal examination and clinical parameters were recorded. Tissue samples from both groups were subjected to the isolation of RNA which was then followed by qRT-PCR and the expression of the mRNA levels of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were analyzed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health

Visvanathan

Mahendra

Ambalavanan

et al. 2014

JCDR

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“…4 The consequences may involve the vascular effect of nicotine 5 and the enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. 6 It has been reported that smokers respond less well to periodontal therapy [7][8][9] and this may be related to the fact that smoking compromises periodontal ligament (PDL) cell adhesion to root planed surfaces, resulting in the decreased likelihood of regeneration. 10 Nicotine has cytotoxic effects on periodontal ligament fibroblasts.…”

Section: N B R I E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor patient awareness of the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases

Lung¹,

Kelleher²,

Porter³

et al. 2005

Br Dent J

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“…Some authors justify this use by claiming difficulties in eliminating subgingival pathogens in smokers with SRP. 32,33,34 Although there is substantial evidence for the benefits of systemic antibiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis in general, 35,36,37 few controlled studies have evaluated the effectiveness of periodontal treatment with adjunctive systemic antibiotics in smokers, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45 and the differential benefit of specific forms of periodontal therapy in smokers remains unclear. Given these facts, there is currently no consensus on the use of systemic antibiotics for the periodontal treatment of smokers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.

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Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Healing After Mechanical Periodontal Therapy

Cited by 164 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health

Poor patient awareness of the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases

Antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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